Minimising the emission of CO2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Minimising the emission of CO2 - Essay Example At different times, the cooling load of the facility may be served by the chiller directly, by the cooling storage unit, or by both. All forms of thermal storage involve losses, and they require additional energy for the operation of the system. The key issue is reducing the electric consumption. It allows the utility to generate more of its electricity with its most efficient generators. It may also allow the utility to generate electricity with fuels that are less scarce or less critical. Cooling storage will undoubtedly become more successful, both technically and economically, as experience accumulates. The additional heat loss depends on the thermal resistance of the surface, the discharge temperature of the fan-coil unit, and the amount of surface area that is affected. If the fan coils were to be fitted under a window, the window designs can make the difference and save energy from escaping out. Wall is reasonably thick and the windows are installed flush with the outside surface of the wall, this leaves a space for installing curtains or other window treatments next to the window, without extending out over fan coil units. To eliminate draught and wasted heat use an easy-to-fix brush or PVC seal on your exterior doors. Make sure your windows are draught proofed. Turning thermostat down by 1C will cut your bill by 10%.

Criminal Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Criminal Law - Essay Example istorically, in some areas, property was owned by the monarch and it devolved through feudal land tenure or other feudal systems of loyalty and fealty. Though the Napoleonic code was among the first government acts of modern times to introduce the notion of absolute ownership into statute, protection of personal property rights was present in more feudalist forms in the common law courts of medieval and early modern England. Property – Definition Blacks Law Dictionary states that "in the strict legal sense, [property is] an aggregate of rights which are guaranteed and protected by the government" and that the term "includes not only ownership and possession but also the right of use and enjoyment for lawful purposes." On the contrary, Barrons Law Dictionary classifies property as "ones exclusive right to possess, use, and dispose of a thing" [ . . . ] "as well as the object, benefit, or prerogative which constitutes the subject matter of that right." Divisions Property law can be divided into personal and real property. Real property concerns itself with rights in rem, or relating to land. Personal property concerns itself with rights in personam, or relating to chattels. Using contemporary descriptions, property has been depicted as oscillating between competing models of property as a fact, property as a right, and property as a responsibility. Declared ownership in and of itself is insufficient to constitute property in a legal sense. Rather, the idea of property arises where one can have his/her right to land or chattels respected and enforced by a court of law. Therefore, to possess good title (and thus enforceable rights) on property one must acquire it legitimately, according to the laws of the jurisdiction in which one seeks enforcement. Real property does not just talk of the ownership of property and buildings — it also involves several legal relationships between owners of immovable property (real estate) that are basically conceptual

How Starbucks Can Reduce Risks Marketing Essay

How Starbucks Can Reduce Risks Marketing Essay Multi National Companies go through severe research process before enlarging their business activities to other countries. By opting the appropriate mode of entry to international market companies can capture the market easily and reduce the risk associated with it. Starbucks, being one of the largest coffee shop in the world has opted Joint ventures, licensing and wholly owned subsidiaries to expand their business globally. They started expanding their activities in 1996 by entering through Joint ventures in Japan and through wholly owned subsidiary in Canada followed by Southeast Asia, Europe and Middle east. These strategies along with product innovations are the main reason for the success of Starbucks coffee globally. They have modified their product line up and offer 30 blends of coffee, bottled Starbucks Frappuccino, Green Tea Frappuccino, curry puffs, meat buns, sandwiches and salads to meet the needs and requirements of the consumers in particular market. Starbucks have opted a better and efficient way to expand their international activities. They expanded their business activities through Joint ventures in huge market of Japan, Greece and other big countries where as they have owned subsidiaries in some of the low risk countries like Canada and Ireland. They have also expanded their activities through licensing in countries like Malaysia and New Zealand. Starbucks studies the market first and then open few stores at trendy places. After successful marketing test and training of brew masters, it also ensures that similar coffee beverages and No Smoking rules are applied all over. They have been growing rapidly from 17 stores in Seattle to 19,972 stores worldwide mainly attracting youngsters. Their expenses on marketing is very less as they mainly rely on word of mouth advertising. They have come up with different kind of services like Starbucks Express, Automated espresso machines, and self service for their customers, which are also the reason for their huge success worldwide. Sources: International Management, Managing Across Borders and Cultures, Sixth Edition, Helen Deresky, ISBN: 0-13-614326 Careful analysis and management of risks not only mitigate losses but also provide superior returns. In the light of this statement do you think Starbucks did not analyze and manage the risks involved in the different markets it entered? Yes, I believe that Starbucks did not analyze and manage the risk involved while operating in different markets. They have mainly focused on increasing the number of stores worldwide to achieve market dominance but ignored the fact that most of their stores are running in losses. They are facing many challenges in US and overseas market by their competitors like Nestle, Tim Hortons and Dunkin Donuts. Starbucks is facing many internal and external issues like change in economic conditions, change in taste and preferences of customers, huge competition, high business development costs, etc. They also have been facing several problems due to economic crisis in several countries and had serious political problems in Middle East, which led in closure of their several stores in Iraq and Israel. Starbucks mainly focused on its expansion and ignored the competitors around them. They are facing stiff competition in Germany and France from local coffee shops. Their prices were high as compared to the local shops offering the same taste of coffee. It is right that they have come up with different range of products for different markets but failed to come up with appropriate strategies for same market. They were not able to analyze properly the opportunities and threats available in a particular market and failed to relate them with their strengths and weaknesses. They lacked product differentiation from competitors thus were not able to capture the target market. Political, Environmental, Social and Technological factors had also its impact on Starbucks internal business activities. Thus I feel, Starbucks could have done better with their expansion strategy If they would have focused on SWOT analysis and PEST factors influencing their business activities. They have to do immense research on market growth and market share of their future projects and opt for the beast available option. Sources: International Management, Managing Across Borders and Cultures, Sixth Edition, Helen Deresky, ISBN: 0-13-614326 Question 3 A company faces diverse set of risks in international markets. What were the risks faced by Starbucks in its international operations? Explain how Starbucks can reduce risks in its international business. Companies operating on international level faces several risks while doing business. Starbucks, being one of the largest chain of coffee shop is also facing several problems in home as well as in abroad. Although Starbucks has expanded enormously during its earlier stage is facing now stiff competition from its competitors. They also have employees disappointment and are not able to provide satisfaction to them. Payments made to the employees does not match with the work load they have to suffer at work. Due to their aggressive marketing strategies they have grown their rivalry and lost potential customers. Japan, which was the largest overseas market for Starbucks followed by United Kingdom started facing decline in their profit rates. The main reason for the declining profit rate for Starbucks is due to mismatch of their policies with customers expectations. Starbucks thinks that they can increase their profit by increasing their stores day by day but they fail to provide customers satisfaction. Their prices are still high than of the competitors and they failed to satisfy the newer generation. According to me Starbucks have to adjust its policies and reposition its product line up according to the market in which they are dealing. They also have to come up with new and better line up for customers as their taste and preferences keeps on changing. Starbucks have to try to increase the level of employees satisfaction by increasing their salaries, providing initiatives, bonus and other allowances. They have to study the controllable and uncontrollable factors that they face while entering global market. Innovations and Investment are the key factors for them in the long run. Through study of PEST and SWOT analysis can be very effective in maintaining their leadership worldwide. Sources: International Management, Managing Across Borders and Cultures, Sixth Edition, Helen Deresky, ISBN: 0-13-614326

Eulogy for Father :: Eulogies Eulogy

Eulogy for Father As you all know, there were certain things Loyd liked -- dogs, and poker games, football, and airplanes -- and there were certain things he didn’t like -- carrots, political speeches, telephone solicitations (especially those made by insurance men), and long-winded eulogies. I won’t do that because for every story that I could tell today about Loyd, his friends here today could tell fifty more. I am very secure in the knowledge that Loyd lived every day of his life to the fullest and I feel that Mother and Delia Ruth are secure in that knowledge as well. And we are very grateful to you all to be here today with us to honor his life. As Brother Sam said, Papa was born in Norfolk County, Virginia, the son of Ovie and Ruth Owen. One of his earliest memories was of crossing the Mississippi River on his way back home to Texas where he lived, except for his time in the Army Air Corps, until his death this past Saturday. He graduated from Junction High School in 1938 and he very much enjoyed his memories of playing football for the Eagles, a game that he continued to love throughout his life, second only to poker, and most recently, the lottery. He enlisted in the Air Force on July 30, 1940 and was given the opportunity to become an enlisted pilot with the rank of Staff Sergeant Pilot . His membership in the Army Air Corps Enlisted Pilots Association gave him great pleasure and just last month in Austin he and his buddies refought the war at their bi-annual reunion. You’ll be very pleased to know we won again. He was a graduate of the class of 42-H from Kelly Field and flew fifty-one bombing missions in North Africa, Sicily, and Italy. He married Dortha W. of Menard the same day he received his wings, September 6, 1942. He liked to say he got his wings that morning and had them clipped that afternoon. For more than 50 years he has owned and operated Buster’s Laundry and Cleaners, first with his parents and then as sole proprietor. He was very proud of his business and once we were together at a social gathering in Kerrville and he had been sitting there with that look on his face you all know so well listening to self-important oil men and bankers talk about their work.

Theme of Sexuality in Andre Brink ‘s Other Lives

Brink’s Other Lives: A Rewriting of history through eroticism The dissident writer's preeminent role, as Brink sees it, is to â€Å"explore and expose the roots of the human condition as it is lived in South Africa: (.. ) With the fundamentals of human experience and relationships†(Mapmakers 152).That is to say, he aims, through narrating and referring to kinships, mainly sensual ones, at unveiling the racial practices of the past apartheid system which is, according to Merriam Webster’s Dictionary and thesaurus, defined as â€Å"a former policy of segregation and political and economic discrimination against non-European groups in the Republic of So. Africa† in doing so, he makes use of erotic scenes between black and white people of both sexes. This essay tackles Brink’s choice to make use of erotic fiction as an inventive way of writing history.Also, it deals with sexuality, in this particular novel, which stands as an epitome for racial, colonia l and political relationships between black and white people, as well as the numerous interpretations of the coitus either through symbolism or feminism or psychoanalysis. According to Brink â€Å"the author’s reinvention of history would involve a choice between two kinds of concepts, two ends on a sliding scale: namely, history as fact and history as fiction. He opts for fiction in this novel to rewrite the history of South Africa: â€Å"In forthcoming novels I shall be trying to get more and more of an imaginative grasp on reality, to invent history†, so that he lays naked the remainders of the post-apartheid system in an innovative style, skillfully inserting here and there several incidents, including sexual relations, that may be real or even personal, encompassing and resuming the aftermaths of the colonial experience. Brink’s answer to the inevitable question:† Why re-sort to fiction?Why reduce history to storytelling? † is summarized in Rus sell Hoban’s famous dictum:† We make fiction because we ARE fiction. â€Å"Brink elaborated on this idea explaining that â€Å"Whether one composes a c. v. for a job application, or reviews a day or week or year or a life traversed, or relates a crucial experience to someone else, or writes a letter, or describes an event-however one sets about it, it is inevitably turned into narrative. † The will to power, to dominate the other race and prove oneself to be superior has its links with sensuality and chauvinism.At first reading, some sexual acts in the novel seem to be scenes of pure passion, but then, they turn out to be mere longing for annihilation. For instance, In the second part Mirror, when Steve, a black man, is provoked by the utterances of the seductive young white woman named Silke telling him â€Å"your skin, I like very much how it feel, how it look† he becomes infuriated since he considers her words as a racial Remarque that echoes past memo ries of racial insults that he heard earlier in the novel such as â€Å"jou ma se swart poes† (=your mother’s black cunt) and â€Å"these kaffirs think they own the bloody place†.Consequently his reaction may be depicted as an attempt to free the rein of his wrath and avenge himself on the white race embodied in Silke, by conducting violent sexual intercourse saying that â€Å"for the first time I become aware of what is happening inside me. Not passion, not lust, not ecstasy, but rage . A terrible and destructive rage. † Moreover, racism is deeply rooted in social institutions such as marriage. As A. J. Hassall argues:† In Brink's South Africa blacks and whites are seen as natural equals separated only by the uncompromising racism of the whites.In all his books Brink explores sexual relationships between blacks and whites and he portrays them as natural sexual partners who might be natural political and social partners if only the Afrikaner establi shment would allow it. † This is perfectly illustrated in the example of the love relationship between a white man and a black woman in the first part The Blue Door, David Le Roux and Embeth, which is, even after the apartheid regime, still considered as a taboo kinship, completely rejected by David’s family; â€Å"why should we allow our lives to be dictated by the unreasonable reasonableness of my family?If we love each other.. † as David puts it. Added to its consideration as a racist attitude, Steve’s degradation of the white woman Silke may be read, as an act of political defiance, nevertheless, it fits only too well into the traditional master narrative of colonialism (â€Å"Natives have a rape-utation,† says Modisane, 1986), as well as the master narrative of sexism: the male who, in order to justify his aggression against and his â€Å"possession† of the female, blames her for provoking the attack, and for â€Å"deserving what she ge ts† ecause of her innate libidinal provocation. This is best illustrated in Steve’s words to Silke â€Å"if this is what you’re after, this is what you’re going to get. Fucking little white bitch. † Speaking of colonialism, Mellor suggests that men are attempting to penetrate mysterious foreign regions where they do not rightfully belong.Nina’s hair color turning into black, and the repetitive use of the words â€Å"dark† and â€Å"black† in the final paragraph depicting Derek â€Å"press[ing] [his] face into the fragrant and fatal darkness between her legs† calls to mind the notion of the exotic land reduced to the symbol of the female pubic hair which testifies for the mysterious south African jungles which should be discovered by white colonizer Derek. Feminists object to the depiction of women, in any respect, as a degraded sex, Objectified and reduced to serve the basic function of shoring up a man's ego.This machism o attitude is evident in Derek’s utterances:†Come what may, Nina Rousseau, you’re going to end up in my bed. † Symbolically speaking, it is widely known that white women represent power, so the more that you have of them the more you absorb that power into yourself. They also, of course, represent repression, so the more that you defile them the more you are fighting the battle and winning as Nicol puts it.This idea brings to mind Steve’s state of mind when copulating Silke, putting it into words: â€Å"now it is turning into pain, she becomes terrified †¦ while I feel myself growing in strength and rage. † This is further illustrated in Modisane’s words:† Through sex, I proved myself to myself. I am a man†¦ When the trance of sex had passed and the pleasure exhausted itself out of my system there remained only the anger and the violence to repeat and indulge myself into a more lasting satisfaction†¦ Furthermore, th e stereotypes of the â€Å"chaste white woman† and the â€Å"potent black man† who acts violently, with or without a reason, are challenged by Brink. The recurrent image of the black male is that of a virile man including the assertion of one of the crudest myths of sexist racism, the size of the black penis and his manhood to which it is alluded in Steve’s discourse: †bloody black stud (=virile)†. This racial cliche is set off in contrast with that of the white woman’s spiritual superiority and â€Å"absolute pureness† as Steve puts it.The terms in which the white woman is broadly described are based on an archetypal image borrowed from Camoens: â€Å"the symbol of purity and light, saintly flesh, raped, violated by the brutal force of a dark continent†. In order to criticize this cliche, Andre draws an image of the impure Silke who surrenders herself to Steve pleading him to â€Å"fuck [her]†. Psychologically speaking, L acan perceives the other as the creative force in shaping the consciousness of the â€Å"I†.When joined at the hip with Sarah, David ponders â€Å"you are my wife, but who are you? Who am I? † He feels compelled to know her in order to know himself and apprehend his existence, in other words, as feminists assert, sexuality is the keystone of identity. To elaborate on this idea, â€Å"Man's desire,† according to Lacan (1977), â€Å"finds its meaning in the desire of the other, not so much because the other holds the key to the object desired, as because the first object of desire is to be recognized by the other. Steve is inventing himself through the Other, Silke, who is, herself, a projection of his consciousness: his own identity, the raison d’etre of his actions and of his life, depends on the girl's approval and affirmation. Accordingly, he desires her so he can be recognized by her, and since â€Å"she is looking at [him]. She is seeing [him]. As [ he is] now. As [he is]. But there is no shock or disapproval in her face†, meaning that she does acknowledge him, he realizes his true identity.Contrary to Silke’s sexual attraction to Steve, he notices his cat’s repulsion. The widely known meaning of the hissing or scratching cat in dreams, is that this person â€Å"feels rejected by women or that his current relationships with women are strained or that he feels the women in his life are unappeasable, not to be trusted, overbearing, or just downright mean in which case the dream may mean it is time to reassess his relationships. †Ã‚  This is exactly the case with Steve and the female cat Sebastian which â€Å"draws her slender back into an arc and hisses at [him]. This may be explained by the fact that, when metamorphosed into a black man, Steve falls a prey to self-depreciation and speculates his wife Carla’s rejection of his new â€Å"black† self. So, when he realizes the impossibility o f achieving any human or even nonhuman connectedness, he chooses to seek release through the powerful emotion created by the suffering of Silke, an emotion which simultaneously produces his sexual arousal. This can be proved psychoanalytically in Bersani’s work analyzing Freud’s â€Å"Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality† in which he dentifies a counter argument running through Freud’s essays that â€Å"sexuality [is] not†¦originally an exchange of intensities between individuals, but rather a condition of broken negotiations with the world, a condition in which others merely set off the self shattering mechanisms of sadomasochistic jouissance† Regarding Derek’s unsatisfied and unstoppable longing for the sadistic Nina, The last erotic scene of the novel, when he gets stuck between her thighs, seems to be quite predictable, inasmuch, death will be the consummation of his passion.Bersani explicates Freud’s theory of the death d rive by arguing that â€Å"if sexuality is constituted as masochism, the immobilization of fantasmic structures can only have a violent denouement†¦ masochism is both relieved and fulfilled by death†.Isidore Diala refers to Andre Brink’s viewpoint about the writer’s role in the post-apartheid South Africa, saying that:† The dissident writer must awaken the Afrikaner to a sense of his potential for greatness and struggle aiming at liberating the blacks from oppression by whites, but also a struggle for the liberation of the Afrikaner from the ideology in which he has come to negate his better self. † Main References: -â€Å"Reinventing a Continent (Revisiting History in the Literature of the New South Africa: A Personal Testimony)† By Andre Brink 2-â€Å"Constructing Connectedness: Gender, Sexuality and Race in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein† by Jessica Hale 3-â€Å"CONCEPTUALIZING SEXUALITY: FROM KINSEY TO QUEER AND BEYONDâ₠¬  4-â€Å"An Ornithology of Sexual Politics: Lewis Nkosi's Mating Birds† by Andre Brink 5-â€Å"Andre Brink and Malraux† by Isidore Diala -â€Å"PORNOGRAPHY ( VS) EROTIC FICTION (aka Why I Continue To Do What I Do)† By Jess C Scott, 9 Mar 2011 ——————————————– [ 1 ]. In her article â€Å"PORNOGRAPHY VS. EROTIC FICTION†, Jess C Scott gives a definition of erotic literature saying that: † it comprises fictional and factual stories and accounts of human sexual relationships which have the power to or are intended to arouse the reader sexually. The emphasis of each is quite different.Porn's main purpose is to make money via adult entertainment; erotic literature tells a story. Stories that are realistic. Stories that make one think. Stories that â€Å"dive into the depths of navigating gender, sexuality, and the lines of desire† (blurb from m y  first erotic anthology,  4:Play). She illustrates her viewpoint by referring to Nabokov in the same Article explaining that â€Å"Mr. Vladimir Nabokov said so succinctly in  an essay on  Lolita, â€Å". . . Lolita has no moral in tow.For me, a work of fiction exists only insofar as it affords me what I shall call aesthetic bliss. . . â€Å"He also writes that â€Å"in pornographic novels, action has to be limited to the copulation of cliches. Style, structure, imagery should never distract the reader from his tepid lust. The novel must consist of an alternation of sexual scenes. † Ultimately, She draws this conclusion: Lolita  is more than a pornographic novel. Erotic literature is more than pornographic writing. † Theme of Sexuality in Andre Brink ‘s Other Lives Brink’s Other Lives: A Rewriting of history through eroticism The dissident writer's preeminent role, as Brink sees it, is to â€Å"explore and expose the roots of the human condition as it is lived in South Africa: (.. ) With the fundamentals of human experience and relationships†(Mapmakers 152).That is to say, he aims, through narrating and referring to kinships, mainly sensual ones, at unveiling the racial practices of the past apartheid system which is, according to Merriam Webster’s Dictionary and thesaurus, defined as â€Å"a former policy of segregation and political and economic discrimination against non-European groups in the Republic of So. Africa† in doing so, he makes use of erotic scenes between black and white people of both sexes. This essay tackles Brink’s choice to make use of erotic fiction as an inventive way of writing history.Also, it deals with sexuality, in this particular novel, which stands as an epitome for racial, colonia l and political relationships between black and white people, as well as the numerous interpretations of the coitus either through symbolism or feminism or psychoanalysis. According to Brink â€Å"the author’s reinvention of history would involve a choice between two kinds of concepts, two ends on a sliding scale: namely, history as fact and history as fiction. He opts for fiction in this novel to rewrite the history of South Africa: â€Å"In forthcoming novels I shall be trying to get more and more of an imaginative grasp on reality, to invent history†, so that he lays naked the remainders of the post-apartheid system in an innovative style, skillfully inserting here and there several incidents, including sexual relations, that may be real or even personal, encompassing and resuming the aftermaths of the colonial experience. Brink’s answer to the inevitable question:† Why re-sort to fiction?Why reduce history to storytelling? † is summarized in Rus sell Hoban’s famous dictum:† We make fiction because we ARE fiction. â€Å"Brink elaborated on this idea explaining that â€Å"Whether one composes a c. v. for a job application, or reviews a day or week or year or a life traversed, or relates a crucial experience to someone else, or writes a letter, or describes an event-however one sets about it, it is inevitably turned into narrative. † The will to power, to dominate the other race and prove oneself to be superior has its links with sensuality and chauvinism.At first reading, some sexual acts in the novel seem to be scenes of pure passion, but then, they turn out to be mere longing for annihilation. For instance, In the second part Mirror, when Steve, a black man, is provoked by the utterances of the seductive young white woman named Silke telling him â€Å"your skin, I like very much how it feel, how it look† he becomes infuriated since he considers her words as a racial Remarque that echoes past memo ries of racial insults that he heard earlier in the novel such as â€Å"jou ma se swart poes† (=your mother’s black cunt) and â€Å"these kaffirs think they own the bloody place†.Consequently his reaction may be depicted as an attempt to free the rein of his wrath and avenge himself on the white race embodied in Silke, by conducting violent sexual intercourse saying that â€Å"for the first time I become aware of what is happening inside me. Not passion, not lust, not ecstasy, but rage . A terrible and destructive rage. † Moreover, racism is deeply rooted in social institutions such as marriage. As A. J. Hassall argues:† In Brink's South Africa blacks and whites are seen as natural equals separated only by the uncompromising racism of the whites.In all his books Brink explores sexual relationships between blacks and whites and he portrays them as natural sexual partners who might be natural political and social partners if only the Afrikaner establi shment would allow it. † This is perfectly illustrated in the example of the love relationship between a white man and a black woman in the first part The Blue Door, David Le Roux and Embeth, which is, even after the apartheid regime, still considered as a taboo kinship, completely rejected by David’s family; â€Å"why should we allow our lives to be dictated by the unreasonable reasonableness of my family?If we love each other.. † as David puts it. Added to its consideration as a racist attitude, Steve’s degradation of the white woman Silke may be read, as an act of political defiance, nevertheless, it fits only too well into the traditional master narrative of colonialism (â€Å"Natives have a rape-utation,† says Modisane, 1986), as well as the master narrative of sexism: the male who, in order to justify his aggression against and his â€Å"possession† of the female, blames her for provoking the attack, and for â€Å"deserving what she ge ts† ecause of her innate libidinal provocation. This is best illustrated in Steve’s words to Silke â€Å"if this is what you’re after, this is what you’re going to get. Fucking little white bitch. † Speaking of colonialism, Mellor suggests that men are attempting to penetrate mysterious foreign regions where they do not rightfully belong.Nina’s hair color turning into black, and the repetitive use of the words â€Å"dark† and â€Å"black† in the final paragraph depicting Derek â€Å"press[ing] [his] face into the fragrant and fatal darkness between her legs† calls to mind the notion of the exotic land reduced to the symbol of the female pubic hair which testifies for the mysterious south African jungles which should be discovered by white colonizer Derek. Feminists object to the depiction of women, in any respect, as a degraded sex, Objectified and reduced to serve the basic function of shoring up a man's ego.This machism o attitude is evident in Derek’s utterances:†Come what may, Nina Rousseau, you’re going to end up in my bed. † Symbolically speaking, it is widely known that white women represent power, so the more that you have of them the more you absorb that power into yourself. They also, of course, represent repression, so the more that you defile them the more you are fighting the battle and winning as Nicol puts it.This idea brings to mind Steve’s state of mind when copulating Silke, putting it into words: â€Å"now it is turning into pain, she becomes terrified †¦ while I feel myself growing in strength and rage. † This is further illustrated in Modisane’s words:† Through sex, I proved myself to myself. I am a man†¦ When the trance of sex had passed and the pleasure exhausted itself out of my system there remained only the anger and the violence to repeat and indulge myself into a more lasting satisfaction†¦ Furthermore, th e stereotypes of the â€Å"chaste white woman† and the â€Å"potent black man† who acts violently, with or without a reason, are challenged by Brink. The recurrent image of the black male is that of a virile man including the assertion of one of the crudest myths of sexist racism, the size of the black penis and his manhood to which it is alluded in Steve’s discourse: †bloody black stud (=virile)†. This racial cliche is set off in contrast with that of the white woman’s spiritual superiority and â€Å"absolute pureness† as Steve puts it.The terms in which the white woman is broadly described are based on an archetypal image borrowed from Camoens: â€Å"the symbol of purity and light, saintly flesh, raped, violated by the brutal force of a dark continent†. In order to criticize this cliche, Andre draws an image of the impure Silke who surrenders herself to Steve pleading him to â€Å"fuck [her]†. Psychologically speaking, L acan perceives the other as the creative force in shaping the consciousness of the â€Å"I†.When joined at the hip with Sarah, David ponders â€Å"you are my wife, but who are you? Who am I? † He feels compelled to know her in order to know himself and apprehend his existence, in other words, as feminists assert, sexuality is the keystone of identity. To elaborate on this idea, â€Å"Man's desire,† according to Lacan (1977), â€Å"finds its meaning in the desire of the other, not so much because the other holds the key to the object desired, as because the first object of desire is to be recognized by the other. Steve is inventing himself through the Other, Silke, who is, herself, a projection of his consciousness: his own identity, the raison d’etre of his actions and of his life, depends on the girl's approval and affirmation. Accordingly, he desires her so he can be recognized by her, and since â€Å"she is looking at [him]. She is seeing [him]. As [ he is] now. As [he is]. But there is no shock or disapproval in her face†, meaning that she does acknowledge him, he realizes his true identity.Contrary to Silke’s sexual attraction to Steve, he notices his cat’s repulsion. The widely known meaning of the hissing or scratching cat in dreams, is that this person â€Å"feels rejected by women or that his current relationships with women are strained or that he feels the women in his life are unappeasable, not to be trusted, overbearing, or just downright mean in which case the dream may mean it is time to reassess his relationships. †Ã‚  This is exactly the case with Steve and the female cat Sebastian which â€Å"draws her slender back into an arc and hisses at [him]. This may be explained by the fact that, when metamorphosed into a black man, Steve falls a prey to self-depreciation and speculates his wife Carla’s rejection of his new â€Å"black† self. So, when he realizes the impossibility o f achieving any human or even nonhuman connectedness, he chooses to seek release through the powerful emotion created by the suffering of Silke, an emotion which simultaneously produces his sexual arousal. This can be proved psychoanalytically in Bersani’s work analyzing Freud’s â€Å"Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality† in which he dentifies a counter argument running through Freud’s essays that â€Å"sexuality [is] not†¦originally an exchange of intensities between individuals, but rather a condition of broken negotiations with the world, a condition in which others merely set off the self shattering mechanisms of sadomasochistic jouissance† Regarding Derek’s unsatisfied and unstoppable longing for the sadistic Nina, The last erotic scene of the novel, when he gets stuck between her thighs, seems to be quite predictable, inasmuch, death will be the consummation of his passion.Bersani explicates Freud’s theory of the death d rive by arguing that â€Å"if sexuality is constituted as masochism, the immobilization of fantasmic structures can only have a violent denouement†¦ masochism is both relieved and fulfilled by death†.Isidore Diala refers to Andre Brink’s viewpoint about the writer’s role in the post-apartheid South Africa, saying that:† The dissident writer must awaken the Afrikaner to a sense of his potential for greatness and struggle aiming at liberating the blacks from oppression by whites, but also a struggle for the liberation of the Afrikaner from the ideology in which he has come to negate his better self. † Main References: -â€Å"Reinventing a Continent (Revisiting History in the Literature of the New South Africa: A Personal Testimony)† By Andre Brink 2-â€Å"Constructing Connectedness: Gender, Sexuality and Race in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein† by Jessica Hale 3-â€Å"CONCEPTUALIZING SEXUALITY: FROM KINSEY TO QUEER AND BEYONDâ₠¬  4-â€Å"An Ornithology of Sexual Politics: Lewis Nkosi's Mating Birds† by Andre Brink 5-â€Å"Andre Brink and Malraux† by Isidore Diala -â€Å"PORNOGRAPHY ( VS) EROTIC FICTION (aka Why I Continue To Do What I Do)† By Jess C Scott, 9 Mar 2011 ——————————————– [ 1 ]. In her article â€Å"PORNOGRAPHY VS. EROTIC FICTION†, Jess C Scott gives a definition of erotic literature saying that: † it comprises fictional and factual stories and accounts of human sexual relationships which have the power to or are intended to arouse the reader sexually. The emphasis of each is quite different.Porn's main purpose is to make money via adult entertainment; erotic literature tells a story. Stories that are realistic. Stories that make one think. Stories that â€Å"dive into the depths of navigating gender, sexuality, and the lines of desire† (blurb from m y  first erotic anthology,  4:Play). She illustrates her viewpoint by referring to Nabokov in the same Article explaining that â€Å"Mr. Vladimir Nabokov said so succinctly in  an essay on  Lolita, â€Å". . . Lolita has no moral in tow.For me, a work of fiction exists only insofar as it affords me what I shall call aesthetic bliss. . . â€Å"He also writes that â€Å"in pornographic novels, action has to be limited to the copulation of cliches. Style, structure, imagery should never distract the reader from his tepid lust. The novel must consist of an alternation of sexual scenes. † Ultimately, She draws this conclusion: Lolita  is more than a pornographic novel. Erotic literature is more than pornographic writing. †

A Case Study That Refelcets on the Inception and Growth of Jelly Belly.

Jelly Belly, Case Study Jorge Nolasco and Jason Ilarraza Operations and Supply Chain Management Naval Postgraduate School February 28, 2013 This Case study is based on Jelly Belly and the actions taken by the founder, to grow the Company, and loose the company to Goelitz Inc. The focus of the case study will address Jelly Belly's strategy and sustainability, strategy and capacity management, and sales and operational planning. At 18 David Klein was in business selling popcorn with his uncle while attending UCLA. He worked his way through law school by selling popcorn.David decided not take the bar exam but pursue a career he was captivated by, making and selling candy. David Kline a quirky and creative candy maker has invented over 450 types of candy. His most famous candy was Jelly Belly. David first opened and operated a wholesale nut and raisin business and attained experience and a reputation in the Los Angelos Area with local distributors of nuts, raisins, and candies. While ope rating and maintaining the wholesale nut and raisin business, David developed a gourmet jelly bean, he coined Jelly Belly.Jelly Belly’s competitive dimension was quality. David’s vision was to create a high-end jelly bean, with a premium quality, flavor, and a unique shape. David created the original 8 flavors in 1975. David approached Herman Goelitz, president of the Goelitz Candy Inc. , a generational candy business, founded in 1869, primarily known for fine candy corn, with a business proposal for production of the Jelly Belly. Mr. Goelitz began business with David and began the production of the 8 flavors David had created in 1976. The first flavors were Very Cherry, Tangerine,Lemon, Green Apple, Grape Jelly, Licorice, Root Beer, and Cream Soda. David was familiar with the successful main stream marketing strategies of McDonalds and Burger King. He created the Jelly Belly logo, in bright yellow and red. Soon after, David acquired a space in a store front operation. He wanted a place to sell, where publicity could be generated, that was bright and cheerful. He attained a space in the ice cream parlor with $800. He placed a stand in the corner of the parlor. The product was appealing yet it did not sell; the price for the jelly beans was outrageous.The candy industry was late in getting price increases, the candy industry was locked into low end prices. Afraid to make better candy because distributors would not purchase on the basis that customers did not want to pay more for a quality candy but expected to pay a low price for candy. Total sales for the first seven-day period was $44. David called the associated press and invited the press to his store front in the parlor, and created a set up to demonstrate to the press that he was doing well with the Jelly Belly business and to expose the press to the taste and quality of the Jelly Belly.The press report declared Jelly Belly to be the new candy craze. David continued with the momentum he had received from the press conference. David appeared on TV shows, radio shows and phone orders were directed to the ice cream parlor. Pres. Ronald Reagan, sampled Jelly Belly’s and loved them. He ordered 60 cases monthly. Local distributors began to sell and make a profit from Jelly Belly. $5 would ship 2lbs anywhere in the US. Soon after he established push carts in Holly Wood, Beverly Hills and Century City. The carts were visited by celebrities and this attracted more publicity.The demand for Jelly Belly grew at a very rapid rate after David worked diligently on attaining publicity for Jelly Belly. Goelitz Candy Inc. did not have the resources to support the demand for Jelly Belly. The back log for Jelly Belly grew rapidly reaching a climax of over a one year waiting list for delivery. David did not take needed action to plan for and mitigate the risk of having one supplier and logistics failures. David lacked the ability to deal with supply chain coordination risks; Jelly B elly was lacking safety stocks, safety lead times, multiple suppliers or alternate suppliers.Goelitz Candy Inc. was Jelly Belly's, sole manufacturer. David was unable to determine the overall capacity level of capital intensive resources that best supported the Co. ‘s long term competitive strategy. Jelly Bellies were produced in the Goelitz Plant, the PWP concept was utilized. Goelitz lacked capacity flexibility. Goelitz was unable to increase production of the Jelly Belly, they were unable to shift production capacity quickly enough from other products to the Jelly Belly products.Operational Effectiveness at the candy plant and for Jelly Belly were poor; either stakeholder did not have control initiatives or planning and control systems that could mitigate meeting the high demand. The leadership of Goelitz The high quality of the Jelly Belly was a trade off to low Inc. st. The order winning criterion for Jelly Belly was quality; the order qualifier was the 25 distinct flavor s and colors. Herman Goelitz Inc. convinced David Klein that 200 hundred employees relied on his decision to sell JB to the Goelitz Candy Inc. David lacked legal representation at the meeting.David sold Jelly Belly trademark for 4. 8 million to Goelitz Candy Inc.. The 4. 8 million was paid over 20 years, 20,000 monthly. Had David not accepted the deal by Goelitz Candy Inc.. , Goelitz had immediate plans to stop producing Jelly Belly for David and anticipated David running out of money attempting to fight Goelitz in court. If the David would have negotiated to keep his existing royalty agreement the deal would have been worth several hundred million since 1980. LL ? Supply Chain Risks were not identified or mitigated by David Kline; Jelly Belly had one sole producer, Goelitz Candy Inc. David lacked the ability to deal with supply chain coordination risks ; Jelly Belly was lacking safety stocks, safety lead times, multiple suppliers or alternate suppliers. ? David lacked legal represe ntation during negotiations with Goelitz Candy Inc. ? ? Goelitz was unable to increase production of Jelly Bellies, they were unable to shift production capacity quickly enough from other products to the Jelly Belly products. ? Subcontracting and outsourcing could have been a part of the Production Planning Strategies on the part of David and the Goelitz Candy Inc. Jelly Belly continues to grow and introduce new flavors. Currently there are 102 flavors. ? Its competitive dimension still focuses on quality/ order qualifier is the variety of flavors. ? Production / 100,000 pounds per day, or 1,250,000 beans an hour. ? Employee loyalty is the most important influence behind Goelitz's Inc. record-setting production. ? Jelly Belly has become more automated, and has also expanded. Increased sales have allowed Goelitz Inc. to buy new equipment and keep all employees busy. ? Jelly Belly accounts for 70% of the Goelitz Candy Inc. sales, over $200 million in 2008. ?

Dear Nobody essays

Dear Nobody essays I read Dear Nobody by Berlie Dohrety. This story is about two teenagers who are very much in love with eachother and they are having a normal relationship until they find out about Helens pregnancy. Her being pregnant really changes everything between them. Helen starts to distance herself from not only Chris, but from school, her family and friends. She starts to write Dear Nobody letters and she starts to write in a diary. Her notes and letters are the main content in the book. Helens mother isnt very supportive of Helen and the baby. Actually the only time she ever talks to Helen is when she is trying to convince her to have an abortion or to give the baby up for adoption. She also forbids Chris to call Helen or to come over to the house to visit her. Chris is still so much in love with Helen that he cant face the problem (the baby) because he is too concerned about not loosing her. When Helen breaks up with Chris he gets so depressed that he goes off to France on a biking tour. A while after he gets back from France the baby is about to be born and Chris knows this because of all the Dear Nobody letters he has got in the mail. He runs of to the Hospital and finds Helen and his newborn child in her arms. Chris goes of to the University as he planned but keeps in contact with Helen and the child and he keeps writing letters to his child for her to read when she gets older. I think that the book is good. Its not the best book Ive read, but it is ok. When youre reading it you get this hopeless feeling that it will never work out for them. You become very close to Helen and you feel with her. I think that the book is specially aimed for teenagers. Maybe it could even give guidance for lost teenagers who are expecting a child. Its a typical teenagers book. During the whole time youre reading, you get a feeling that something drast ...

The Witches and their equivocations play a vital Essays

The Witches' and their equivocations play a vital Essays The Witches' and their equivocations play a vital role in the downfall of Macbeth. The context of this play is important because Macbeth was written at a time when James the sixth was the King of England, it is through King James' interest in the satanic activities that Shakespeare wrote about the Witches' in the play Macbeth. Shakespeare depicts the witches as being the "instruments of darkness" and as there are three witches in the play, they symbolise the unholy trinity. During act 1 of the play one of the things that the witches prophecised was that Macbeth "shall be the king", this stimulated Macbeth's dark ambitions and desires to become a King. The misleading prophecy gave Macbeth false hope which ultimately led Macbeth to murder King Duncan. The murder of King Duncan impacted the supernatural aspect of the society and put the natural order in chaos, where the "horses ate each other" and the owl killing a flacon. The witches and Lady Macbeth are all shown to be evil throughout majority of the play, unlike the witches who were evil since the start of the play, Lady Macbeth fell into the hands of evil due to her desire for power and ambition of rising to the positon of the queen of Scotland. Due to this desire of Lady Macbeth, she manipulates and deceives Macbeth into killing King Duncan, by making him go against what his own consciousness was telling him.

C.S. Lewis and His Theology on Jesus Essay -- believe, church, christian

‘What are we to make of Christ?’ There is no question of what we can make of Him, it is entirely a question of what He intends to make of us. You must accept or reject the story,† (Lewis, 8). C.S. Lewis was a man who believed in Jesus, the Trinity, and making it known through his actions and his words that changed Christianity and its theology as a whole. In the beginning of his journey, C.S. Lewis believed that God was one big mystery. Jesus was not in the picture, and God was just some foreign name. Like many of us, we can approach God as an unopened present hidden in a closet. If we take a peek, we will see that it is there. If we do not, we will not know unless we hear about it. There are times when you think about checking it but do not. There are also times you take a peek and forget about it. But sometimes, you check it, open it, and get excited- really, really excited, but we do not know whether or not we should open it. He struggled with Atheism as much as he did Christianity. He chose to stick with what he wanted to know more of- Atheism. Lewis had a lack of belief in the existence of Jesus of God or any of it. One day, everything changed. Lewis wrote in  Surprised by Joy,  "I did not know what I was letting myself in for. A young man who wishes to remain a sound Atheist cannot be too careful of his reading. There are traps everywhere.... God is, if I may say it, very unscrupulous,† (37). Unscrupulous, meaning having or showing no moral principles; not honest or fair (Webster), his view on God was lacking and skewed. He wanted to continue his young life being an Atheist even in the midst of knowing God had his hand on his life whether he wanted to admit it or not. Our culturd the same importance to the experiences, (BBC). Overall, C.S. Lewis’ beliefs in God were incredibly real, raw, and honest. He inspired others to figure out who God was to them, and who God is to us. He challenged the people around him. Referring C.S. Lewis to culture now and although he has passed quite some time ago, his stories live on for believers and non-believers. Most known for his Chronicles of Narnia series, he has opened up eyes of many people. His theology and heart collide to continue showing God’s name and face wherever you go. Whether you believe or not, you know who C.S. Lewis is. An incredible life lived, and an incredible legacy that lives on. His belief in God and the Trinity, and his powerful message to the world through the power of his words will continue to test believers and non-believers to live a life filled with incredible purpose.

The performance management system of Colbran Medical Institute Essay

The performance management system of Colbran Medical Institute - Essay Example They tend to contribute towards their organization staunchly and scrupulously only when they are motivated, and their contributions are valued and appreciated by their organization. Valuing ones contribution and supporting their initiatives is possible only when an organization realizes its employees’ contribution in a way it should be realized. This is possible with proper implementation of an objective performance management system. Using objective measures of performance evaluation makes employees clear that organization follows procedural justice and rewards them according to their contribution. The end result of objective performance evaluation is motivation, commitment, encouragement, job satisfaction, and greater employee retention that contribute towards organization’s profitability in the long run. Moreover, with objective performance appraisal followed by good reward administration makes employees loyal and more committed towards their respective organizations . Thus, we can say that objective performance evaluation followed by performance appraisal accompanied with proper reward administration makes employees motivated and committed towards the organization. ... When organizations communicate their employees the performance standards and key performance indicators clearly, that helps businesses in achieving competitive advantage because employees with a clear goal of what is expected of them, in terms of their performance, become more devoted and committed towards the organization. They tend to direct their behaviors in a direction that lead towards successful completion of their tasks. In addition to this, with management by objectives (MBO) and clear performance standards, employees get a clear track and set their individual goals in chase of achieving organizational objectives. According to Armstrong (2000), performance management is a shared process between employees and managers. In huge organizations, managers set clear objectives and performance standards, and communicate them to the employees so that they can direct their behaviors towards the accomplishment of organizational goals. However, the basic purpose of performance managemen t as outlined by Armstrong (2000) is the establishment and identification of the means of getting better output or results at individual, team, and organizational level by communicating the performance standards and objectives clearly to each of the entity whose contribution towards the organization is considered as worthy and important. According to Philpott and Sheppard (1992), the fundamental goal of the implementation and establishment of performance management system is to develop an organizational culture that nurtures employees for continuous improvement of business processes and their own skills, knowledge, and abilities. Providence of a guideline and development of a working ladder is

The Oral Shift in Learning of Nursing Students Research Paper

The Oral Shift in Learning of Nursing Students - Research Paper Example The expected data for analysis is qualitative in nature justifies the methodology of research selected by the authors’. The philosophic underpinnings of research have been aptly discussed by the authors as they state that appropriate clinical experience is necessary for professional growth and development. Transfer of information in the form of oral shift report (OSR) has been identified as an important juncture wherein vital information pertinent to quality and continuity of patient care is exchanged (Skaalvik et al, 2010). The authors’ therefore, stress upon the fact that OSR can exert significant influence on learners’ (NSS) knowledge as their innate curiosity can be satisfied by sharing experiences with knowledgeable and well informed senior nurses’. ... Purpose The purpose of this study has been explicitly defined by the authors’ as an endeavor to ascertain the influences during OSR which could impact the learning experiences of NSs by direct observation in clinical settings where this practice is routine. They identified three nursing homes (NHS) within Norway where NSs usually are sent during the third year of their training to get firsthand experience under the guidance of nursing supervisors’. They carefully selected 12 participants and an equal number of nursing supervisor’s as participants’ in this study. The projected significance to the field of nursing has been described by the authors’ as reinforcement of theoretical knowledge by tackling real-life scenarios in consultation with experienced staff. Method The qualitative design of this study in the form of direct observation followed by semi-structured interviews’ was based upon the validity of such methods as evidenced through cite d literature by the authors’. The selected three nursing homes (NH) had identical staff-patient ratios and catered to identical patient-care scenarios. The number of participants’ in the study was however quite low (12, with 1 dropping out), which could have influenced the results of this study. Larger participation is essential to draw pertinent inferences. However, as the first author was the lone direct observer and semi-structured interviews were held at the end of this period, the study was capable of providing an indicative illustration of the effects and influence of OSRs on the participants’ gain in knowledge.

Criminology Theory Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Criminology Theory Assessment - Essay Example Before embarking upon the topic under analysis, it would be quite advisable to discuss the criminal activities observed by Bernard Madoff. Madoff belongs to a Jewish family of the USA, who laid the foundation of a penny stock under the title Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC in 1960 and got it registered at Wall Street as a small trading firm. The firm made huge business during the course of time, and hundreds of businessmen invested their money from its platform at stock exchange. The main reason behind its popularity was its secret attractive profit offers, as the company offered extra percentage in profit than its competitors. From the 1970s right on through to 2008, Bernie Madoff was certainly responsible for making some of his clients’ money.   However, as will become apparent later on in this discussion, that money was not made honestly. (madoffscandal.com) Consequently, he earned respectable name and fame as a young energetic Wall Street businessman within f ew years of his entry into the stock market. By the early 1980s his firm was one of the largest independent trading operations in the securities industry. (NYT, 2009) Being a very social person by nature, Madoff entered into business contracts with the big investors during his visits at clubs, restaurants and ceremonies with the promise of extra profit generated for them by his company. Initially, he tapped local money pulled in from country clubs and charity dinners, where investors sought him out to casually plead with him to manage their savings so they could start reaping the steady, solid returns their envied friends were getting. (Henriques, 2008) The investors appeared to be satisfied with the lucrative and steady profit transactions made by Madoff Securities, and did not express even slightest signs of doubts regarding fraud or misrepresentation at the company’s end. Hence, the number of investors observed significant increase at the company. However, the nature and m ethodology, adopted by the company, regarding offering profit to the investors appeared to be dubious and shocking for the competitor firms, which were already suspicious about the secret activities of the Madoff Securities. Consequently, it was discovered that Madoff had adopted the largest Ponzi scheme by exercising dishonesty with the investments made by the clients of his company. Madoff confessed of committing fraud with estimated investor losses of about $50 billion by inflicting the Ponzi scheme upon them. A Ponzi scheme is a swindle offering unusually high returns, with early investors paid off with money from later investors. (Honan & Wilchins, 2008) The court announced 150 years imprisonment sentence to Madoff for his crime. Though Madoff pleaded guilty of committing dishonesty and fraud with his investors, he also blames banks and financial institutions for their criminal negligence of performing blindness to his activities. Since these financial institutions were well aw are of all the transactions being made, they could have brought it to the limelight in order to stop Madoff from sticking to the same Ponzi scheme. Here appears the Social Control Theory: Articulated by Travis Hirschi in 1969, social control theory states that social control depends upon people anticipating the consequences of their behavior. (Macionis, 2007: 231) In other words, crime rate can witness imperative decreases in the society provided the criminals foresee the outcome of their

Hypothesis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hypothesis - Assignment Example Iranian, are also pro-American, attacking the nuclear projects would result in many causalities since they are spread out which would again turn the Iranian citizens against America (Helman, 1). From this the first hypothesis can be developed. Other reasons why America may not launch an attack on Iran are that it would be against the international law of self defense where countries are only allowed to attack others when there are justifiable threats. This is not true for Israel since Iran is still one year away from producing nuclear weapons. Attacking Iran openly would also drive their activities underground which would create a more adverse threat to the world security (Helman, 1). From this, the second hypothesis can be developed. Helman, Christopher. â€Å"Israel has Nuclear Weapon but only Iran has nuclear Power†. Forbes. 21st October 2012. http://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesconca/2012/10/21/does-anyone-care-about-irans-nuclear-energy-program/ (accessed

Information forwarded to your customer support section via e-mail Essay

Information forwarded to your customer support section via e-mail - Essay Example The war remained on the surface for four years, and soon became the major highlighting issue in the history of America. The main cause of the war occurred, when the African Americans took stand and refused to tolerate the slavery system any more. They wanted to be treated as the part of US society on equal basis. The blacks used to be treated so roughly and harshly in all the fields. They weren’t even allowed to take part in the US army.They used to be admitted in the army for the purpose of cooking, guards, and menservants. At the times of dangerous battles they used to be pushed in the front lines to face the hardships. Even the white society used to serve blacks as slaves. They used to consider them as weak and soulless. The rich whitepeople wanted to overrule the society. Slavery wasn’t the cause alone to drive the civil war. Another major cause was the high tariffs imposed on the Southern as compared to the Northern, on the goods and services brought into the country from the foreign countries. State’s Rights was another issue to cause the civil war, when the power of the Fe deral governments was changing. And the population of North was much increasing than the Southern. The Southern believed that state laws carried more weight than the Federal laws. African Americans were also served as slaves in the large plantations such as, cotton to perform the duties. Rich white Americans used to hire black slaves in their houses for the tasks like, sweeping, washing, cooking etc. Slaves were also used to be rented, traded or sold to pay the debts. The person containing the high number of slaves used to be treated with respect and obedience. Slaves were used as the property of individuals and businesses. Slavery was made as the destiny of Southern economy; no other option was left for them. Such enforcement of slavery system made the African American so tired and intolerable, which resulted in shape of civil

Banksy Graffiti Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Banksy Graffiti Work - Essay Example Banksy’s Biography Although there was recognition of signature style and the pseudonym of Banksy, no one knew for sure about Banksy. However, some information regarding Banksy gained wide acceptance, for example, people accepted that Banksy is from Bristol, United Kingdom. Banksy graffiti started in early 1990s and began to gain widespread infamy around 2003. He was born in 1974 and sports a tooth of silver (Brian 1). Over the years, Banksy refused to reveal his real name or to be interviewed in person (Brian 2). Among the social issues Banksy addresses through his art are issues on capitalism, poverty, war, and governments. On several occasions, Banksy’s work can be associated with vandalism, and many individuals said that Banksy should be prosecuted (Jencks et.al 90). The talents of Banksy’s are not limited to paint and pencil drawing; he has been accountable for various social commentaries which involved replacing Paris Hilton CDs with his own created CDs. He has also sneaked his personal work into numerous art museums. Banksy opposes the organized art world, although he now creates some convectional work. Many people applaud Banksy’s work, but those who criticize him say that his work oversimplifies issues to appeal to the masses (Hatch and Hatch 56). Synopsis and Visual Description of Banksy Work Banksy artist work involves stenciling, painting, and drawing. Banksy started his creative artwork when he was a young boy at his home in Bristol, where he graced the walls of buildings near his home. Banksy original arts may be seen on walls of buildings around the world. Street art is in most cases considered a crime; therefore, street artists use stencils so that they can be able to work quickly. Banksy worked ahead by creating the stencils; then he went to the street and sprayed the stencils. Banksy’s talent and his message involve urban art and traditional paper-and pencil territory. Banksy was a butcher, and he started his graffiti work during the aerosol boom in Bristol in late 1980s (Jencks et.al 98). Banksy started his freehand graffiti work in 1992-1994 where he was one of Bristol’s DryBreadZ Crew (DBZ). His inspiration came from local artists, and he used stencils as components of his freehand pieces. He turned to stenciling in 2000, after he realized it took less time to complete a piece and he was hiding from the police. His stencils feature humorous and striking images occasionally combined with slogans (Hatch and Hatch 65). The messages of Banksy work are usually anti-capitalist, anti-war, or anti-establishment. Subjects include monkeys, rats, children, soldiers, policemen, and the elderly. In late 2000, he toured Melbourne and Sydney, Australia where he met recluse James DeWeaver and Gen-X pastellist, visual activist in Byron Bay. At the Arts Factory Lodge toilet, he stenciled a parachuting rat with other clothes pin on nose. He was behind the cover art of 2003 Blur’s Think Tank album. In July 2002, Banksy had his first show in Los Angeles at 33 1/3 Galleys. In Turf War show held in a warehouse in 2003, Banksy painted on animals. Later he started producing subverted painting; an example is Monet’s Water Lily Pond, modified to include urban detritus such as garbage and shopping trolley suspended in its reflective water s among other paintings. In 2005, these Banksy oil paintings got displayed

Information forwarded to your customer support section via e-mail Essay

Information forwarded to your customer support section via e-mail - Essay Example The war remained on the surface for four years, and soon became the major highlighting issue in the history of America. The main cause of the war occurred, when the African Americans took stand and refused to tolerate the slavery system any more. They wanted to be treated as the part of US society on equal basis. The blacks used to be treated so roughly and harshly in all the fields. They weren’t even allowed to take part in the US army.They used to be admitted in the army for the purpose of cooking, guards, and menservants. At the times of dangerous battles they used to be pushed in the front lines to face the hardships. Even the white society used to serve blacks as slaves. They used to consider them as weak and soulless. The rich whitepeople wanted to overrule the society. Slavery wasn’t the cause alone to drive the civil war. Another major cause was the high tariffs imposed on the Southern as compared to the Northern, on the goods and services brought into the country from the foreign countries. State’s Rights was another issue to cause the civil war, when the power of the Fe deral governments was changing. And the population of North was much increasing than the Southern. The Southern believed that state laws carried more weight than the Federal laws. African Americans were also served as slaves in the large plantations such as, cotton to perform the duties. Rich white Americans used to hire black slaves in their houses for the tasks like, sweeping, washing, cooking etc. Slaves were also used to be rented, traded or sold to pay the debts. The person containing the high number of slaves used to be treated with respect and obedience. Slaves were used as the property of individuals and businesses. Slavery was made as the destiny of Southern economy; no other option was left for them. Such enforcement of slavery system made the African American so tired and intolerable, which resulted in shape of civil

Work-Related Project Analysis Essay Example for Free

Work-Related Project Analysis Essay Note: Usethe same project addressed in the Work-Related Project Analysis, Part II. Consider this as a follow-up, incorporating the transition from design to implementation for selected business system at the department or division level. Write a 1,400- to 2,100-wordpaper describing the development and implementation stages for the situation specified in previous weeks.Include the following:  · A discussion of major activities, including coding, testing, installation, documentation, training, and support.Include specific descriptions of how each activity would be planned for the individual project. Provide reasonable assumptions where needed.  · A discussion of benefits of using defined and repeatable processes for accomplishing these activities for implementation Include 3 to 4 references relevant to the assignment, in addition to the assigned readings. These should relate to the best practices in the area being discussed this week. References should not only provide definitions to  the words used, but also validate your discussion in the paper. Format your paperconsistent with APA guidelines. AS you already know, there are as many ways to succeed in college as their are to fail. The important thing is to know yourself and create a college plan that works for your lifestyle, your learning style and work ethic. Us the tips from the article above to create your own winning c To download this tutorial follow the link https://bitly.com/12BNn3Z AS you already know, there are as many ways to succeed in college as their are to fail. The important thing is to know yourself and create a college plan that works for your lifestyle, your learning style and work ethic. Us the tips from the article above to create your own winning college strategy. Business General Business Individual Work-Related Project Analysis, Part III Resources: Work-Related Project Analysis, Parts I and II Note: Usethe same project addressed in the Work-Related Project Analysis, Part II. Consider this as a follow-up, incorporating the transition from design to implementation for selected business system at the department or division level. Write a 1,400- to 2,100-wordpaper describing the development and implementation stages for the situation specified in previous weeks.Include the following:  · A discussion of major activities, including coding, testing, installation, documentation, training, and support.Include specific descriptions of how each activity would be planned for the individual  project. Provide reasonable assumptions where needed.  · A discussion of benefits of using defined and repeatable processes for accomplishing these activities for implementation Include 3 to 4 references relevant to the assignment, in addition to the assigned readings. These should relate to the best practices in the area being discussed this week. References should not only provide definitions to the words used, but also validate your discussion in the paper.

Advantages Of Marketing Over The Internet Marketing Essay

Advantages Of Marketing Over The Internet Marketing Essay Today, the Internet appears to be a powerful weapon, especially for businesses in the area of promotion.  This process of operation of Internet marketing is through the promotion and sales of company products using the Internet as the main instrument. The internet marketing offer many benefits for the art of sales marketing and media to a wider audience.  This method is one of the best ways to promote a product and has a direct response to customers. Anyone can be advertising the company directly from internet but it is not the solution for all the companies. To the struggle to achieve their business, some people guess if their plans are correct and whether it meets their expectations.  The internet marketing can put out the largest companies, on the other hand not all the companies have the right strategy and the money for a proper advertised. Although some companies because they want to take economic opportunities for the promotion of their products, they use other kinds of marketing such as magazine or newspaper, television and Radio.  This is because they focus on the disadvantages of the internet and not the benefits.  So they lose the opportunities that offered by the internet marketing.  But with the proper information and the right administration companies can benefit sufficiently from the internet and they can have the right investment. The advantages that someone can think about internet marketing are many.  S ince the internet marketing is so widely available to all companies around the world, can acquire millions of customers with a few mouse clicks them.  However, like any advertising, except that there are some advantages and disadvantages of each internet. Companies should consider both sides to know if the view would be correct.  They have to weighing their options and have the right kind of consumers they need to achieve, would surely find that the advantages clearly outweigh the disadvantages. Advantages of Internet Marketing   Another of the benefits can be achieved by promoting a website is the cheapest and most flexible advertising. Great advantage is that the cost of electronic mail it is cheaper and can compare prices.  Except that it is faster and easier it will be more accessible depending on customer needs.  Because it is cheaper this will make buyers to repeat their purchase, so the proceeds will be many more.  Thanks to internet marketing can be extended to overnight.  The Internet marketing is much more different from print advertising and will be accessible for longer time.  If you want to change something from the ads will not need to put someone else do it for you.  Of course this will not stop other types of advertising, but gives the buyer the opportunity to see the difference between potential customers and an l employer.  We also dont have to pay employees for the store because this job will take it Internet.  However, another benefit is that we dont need to get tired at al l to receive their product, they just have to stay in their couch and it will come straight on to their house. Also in time needed for a phone call or to go straight to the shop you can send at the same  time thousands of electronic email without mail.   One of the advantages of internet marketing is that you can expand the market and that the store can be open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Internet is in all geographical boundaries and is accessible whenever you want any of it can access to it.  So, your customers are from around the world and they can be able to access the Internet, and can shop anytime they want. Although there is no holiday days or close hours.  There will no longer stop in time to market.  With internet marketing will be able to find easily what they want, and are in categories so they can found it just with a keyword. Compared to other forms of advertising such as television, radio and magazines can be reached very  faster around the world.     The comfort of customers is still an advantage for business.  A convenient person for investigation of product will seek, would go by car to buy or learn information about the product .With the ease of internet it will become much easier since can go directly from the couch to make purchases and he can also learn information about the product.   Visitors can get information about the product to buy but also they can see comments from other buyers.  So depending on the interests will be chosen internet market since it can visit the website whenever he likes without having to enter the process or the Move stress and the problems from the outside world.  It is also much more convenient for people with disabilities.   A website serves as an excellent place to refer potential investors to show them what your company is about, what has been achieved and what can be achieved in the future.  There is an opportunity to develop company and much improved reliability.   An advertisement from internet is giving potential customers are ready and why you deserve their trust.  In fact, many buyers use the Internet for research before the purchase so they can decide for themselves whether a particular supplier or brand is worthy of sponsorship, and it will not take a walk.  With the ease of the internet marketing is a point of reference and that touch of individualized customer service can ultimately add value to the supply and customer trust in a higher level of satisfaction.   When implementing a successful marketing program in the Web, online e-trailers need to understand that this method is a process of development to promote a company using online media.  . This new marketing method does not only mean creating a website or a promotion, because behind this Web site is a real organization that has a clearly defined set of objectives. The strategies of internet marketing include all aspects of online advertising products, services and websites, including market research, email marketing and direct sales.   One of the major benefits associated with this online marketing process, is able to gather a large amount of information.  Online consumers can access the Internet and in products and purchase them at any time of day.  Companies using online marketing can also save money.   In summary, this new form of Web Marketing helps businesses expand just be a local market, national or international level, and much faster.  So the internet marketing compared with other types of traditional media is better.  Hard aspects to deal for online marketers. With veterans of trade, the most difficult part of running an online marketing campaign is to find a team for the company. Although by creating a list, you have a target group  who gave you permission to market, since it also allows you to develop a relationship with them as you can provide the necessary information, and also suggest what products more useful and better for them.   To get customers and generating sales then it would be better if you could also enter the popular world of social internet sites. Many businesses online today are now switching to web sites. Sites like Face book,  Bebo and MySpace seem to play a major role in the market, and these areas in future, would certainly be the main destinations for online shoppers.  While traditional marketing methods can make to achieve a common target market. Offers opportunities to create marketing on the Internet which has grown to be the most popular means of marketing, many companies today use search engine optimization and other techniques  to get quickly in touch with remote users.   The Internet offers companies an inexpensive but effective way to reach new customers.  Not only are they able to reach new customers, but is also able to interact with them.  In this way they are able to better understand the needs, wants and even the purchasing habits of customers.   Benefits of Internet marketing are many, however;  this does not mean that every company should purchase goods and services on the Internet.  Believed to be given to the target market and products and services sold.  The target market you may search the Internet for goods and services, or you will have more chances to get a telephone directory, for example. Of course there are the costs involved in Internet marketing and can be very different.  For each firm embarking on such a course would say that one of the most important factors is that you get great service from your Web Designer and Internet Marketing company, otherwise you could find yourself facing a web site that is outdated and inaccurate  and this will cause more harm. http://www.google.com/images/cleardot.gif

The Star Wars Trilogy Essay -- essays research papers

The Star Wars Trilogy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The First of the three part series, Star Wars, is the tale of a band of heros who team together for the good of the universe and the money. The story begins as Princess Leia is held hostage by the Galactic empire in order to crush the rebellion against them. During the attack on Leia's ship two droids, R2-D2 and C-P30, escape through an escape pod. They landed on a foreign planet and were captured and sold to their new master Luke Skywalker. The Empire chases the droids because they have a secret map detailing the whereabouts of the rebel base.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the empire searches for the map they destroy Luke's home. With no where to go R2-D2 leads Luke to Old Ben. One of the last Jedi Nights Ben takes Luke and the droids across the universe to The planet Orion on search of help. They meet Han Solo and Chewbacca who have a ship to get them there.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At this time in an attempt to get the co- ordinates for the Rebel base from the Princess Darth Vader, A leader of the Empire, Destroy Orion with there new space station the Death Star. As Luke and Han Aboard the Falcon get near the old planet they are caught by the Death Star. Once in side they escape there captors and seek to escape the Death star. While doing this they find Leia and free her. Ben also find his long time student turned evil, Darth Vader, and fights to the death. Vader wins but Ben spirit remains with Luke. The other...

A view from the bridge †Arthur Miller :: English Literature

A view from the bridge – How does Arthur Miller A view from the bridge – How does Arthur Miller prepare the audience for the dramatic events at the end of the play? Arthur Miller was born in New York City on the 17th of October 1915. The son of a small businessman, Miller worked in a warehouse after graduating from high school. When he saved enough money he attended the University of Michigan. During the Second World War Miller moved to New York where he began writing plays. A View from the bridge was written in 1955, it was partly based on the idea that his parents were both immigrants into the United States. When writing the play Miller was trying to create a real life story, concerning a tragedy of ordinary people. In the late 1940’s Miller became interested in the workers of New York’s Brooklyn Harbour, which was where he had previously worked. Writing this play allowed him to express his feelings towards poorly paid workers; most of whom were immigrants. The first character introduced in the play is Alfieri; he is a ‘big time lawyer’, who speaks a recognizable standard American English, unlike everybody else featured in the play. Alfieri is a very mysterious character; he is constantly appearing and disappearing into the shadows, or the ‘black of the night,’ which leaves an impact on the audience as they are curious to whom this person is and what his role is in the play. He basically recites the prologue and epilogue to the play and comments on the main action. The audience are constantly kept on their feet guessing as to what will happen to the relationship between Eddie Carbone and Catherine. Instantly they realize that throughout the play there will be a lot of conflict between these two characters. However they are not sure what all the arguments will result in. The most anticipating moment of the play is the final scene; Miller has prepared the audience for this ending throughout the play. Miller creates plenty of tension during this scene, because there are a number of endings that can be used, the audience is eager to find out which one will take place. Miller had prepared a number of endings but thought that the chosen ending would have the most effect. Another possible option to end the play was Eddie committing suicide, although this is very dramatic, it did not suit Eddie’s character. Miller describes Eddie as a strong-minded man, who is always willing to fight for what he wants. Therefore the chosen ending was much more effective as Eddie didn’t

Modern Technology and the Use of Electronics Essay

Modern technology and the use of electronics, especially computers have changed drastically over the last century. While many feel that there is a major advantage for the frequent use of computers, especially for the youth; there are some who oppose the constant use of them and feel as though they can be a bit of a downfall to the learning process overall. While we may all have our personal opinions on how computers impact the youth on writing and also reading. Clive Thompson and David Gelernter, who are both authors have strong opinions on how computers effect students. While Clive feels as though the use of computers encourage the youth to read and write more; David does not agree with the constant use of technology. Both authors have made very strong and valid points on the topic. Clive Thompson, who is a science and technology writer for the New York Times Magazine feels that since computers, text messaging and different social sites have come available to everyone, it offers kids the opportunity to write more. In this generation kids are constantly texting one another and engaging in various social networks, compared to older generations who only wrote when it was required for them to do so. He makes points by explaining that social media and status updates encourages kids to write more to their audience explaining their daily tweets and online blogs. On this topic, Thompson discusses a lot of research by Professor Andrea Lunsford and finds himself agreeing with her studies; stating that, â€Å" I think we’re in midst of a literacy revolution the likes of which we haven’t seen since Greek civilization,† she says. A lot of socializing starts online and sometimes involves texting, status updates and blogging. It’s giving the young people the ability to express themselves more through their writing, where they effortlessly communicate back and forth with their peers. Clive Thompson makes a great point by explaining how computers effect the young generation into writing to their peers and not just their professor for an assignment. In conclusion, he agrees with Lunsford, stating that,† Technology isn’t illing our ability to write. It’s reviving it and pushing our literacy in bold new directions. † David Gelernter, who received his undergraduate degree from Yale University in classical Hebrew literature and is a professor of computer science at Yale; feels exactly the opposite. Unlike Thompson, he feels that computers should be in the schools and could help accomplish great things in subjects that he feel are being neglected as art and music. The difference is that Gelernter feels as though, â€Å"Computers make our worst educational nightmares come true,† he says. He makes a point on how the software on computers computes auto-spelling and also arithmetic. He explains that multimedia blinded students from the fundamentals of actually reading a book, and understanding what the author is conveying to the audience. David explains his theory on his conditions on how a computer should be used. First he states that there should be a new software for children that ignites the child’s imagination to get them to become more involved. Second, he wants to limit the use of computers for only recess and relaxation periods, for the purpose of kids not becoming dependent on it. Most important, he feels like educators should learn what parents and teachers already know: you cannot teach a child anything unless you look him in the face. The computer’s potential to do good is modestly greater than a book’s in some areas. It’s potential to do harm is vastly greater, across the board. † The two authors have stated strong opinions about their beliefs on computers, and how they affect the younger generation. The similarities the share, is that computers do offer different opportunities to help them both academically and socially, but we should not ignore that the basics is what students need to be successful and not a short cut.

Analysis of Burial at Thebes

The opening events of the play quickly establish the central conflict. Creon has decreed that the traitor Polynices must not be given proper burial, and Antigone is the only one who will speak against this decree and insist on the sacredness of family. Whereas Antigone sees no validity in a law that disregards the duty family members owe one another, Creon’s point of view is exactly opposite.He has no use for anyone who places private ties above the common good, as he proclaims firmly to the Chorus and the audience as he revels in his victory over Polynices. Creon’s first speech, which is dominated by words such as â€Å"principle,† â€Å"law,† â€Å"policy,† and â€Å"decree,† shows the extent to which Creon fixates on government and law as the supreme authority. Between Antigone and Creon there can be no compromise—they both find absolute validity in the respective loyalties they uphold.In the struggle between Creon and Antigone, Sop hocles’ audience would have recognized a genuine conflict of duties and values. In their ethical philosophy, the ancient Athenians clearly recognized that conflicts can arise between two separate but valid principles, and that such situations call for practical judgment and deliberation. From the Greek point of view, both Creon’s and Antigone’s positions are flawed, because both oversimplify ethical life by recognizing only one kind of â€Å"good† or duty.By oversimplifying, each ignores the fact that a conflict exists at all, or that deliberation is necessary. Moreover, both Creon and Antigone display the dangerous flaw of pride in the way they justify and carry out their decisions. Antigone admits right from the beginning that she wants to carry out the burial because the action is â€Å"glorious. † Creon’s pride is that of a tyrant. He is inflexible and unyielding, unwilling throughout the play to listen to advice.The danger of pride is t hat it leads both these characters to overlook their own human finitude—the limitations of their own powers. Oddly enough, the comical, lower-class messenger is the only character to exhibit the uncertainty and careful weighing of alternatives required by practical judgment. The sentry has no fixed idea of an appropriate course of action. He says that as he was coming to deliver his message, he was lost in thought, turning back and forth, pondering the consequences of what he might say and do.The sentry’s comic wavering seems, at this point, like the only sensible way of acting in this society: unlike Creon or Antigone or even Ismene, the sentry considers the possible alternatives to his present situation. As a comic character, the sentry offsets the brutal force of Creon’s will. Whereas the conflict between Creon and Antigone is a violent clash of two opposing, forceful wills, Creon’s injustice is clearest when he promises to kill the sentry if the perso n responsible for Polynices’ burial is not found.The two times the Chorus speaks in this section, it seems to side with Creon and the established power of Thebes. The Chorus’s first speech (117–179) describes the thwarted pride of the invading enemy: Zeus hates bravado and bragging. Yet this paean to the victory of Thebes through the graces of Zeus has a subtly critical edge. The Chorus’s focus on pride and the fall of the prideful comments underhandedly on the willfulness we have just seen in Antigone and will see in Creon.Few speeches in the Oedipus plays are more swollen with self-importance than Creon’s first speech, where he assumes the â€Å"awesome task of setting the city’s course† and reiterates his decree against the traitor Polynices (199). The second choral ode begins on an optimistic note but becomes darker toward the end. This ode celebrates the â€Å"wonder† of man, but the Greek word for wonderful (deinon) has a lready been used twice in the play with the connotation of â€Å"horrible† or â€Å"frightening† (the messenger and Chorus use it to describe the mysterious burial of the body).The Chorus seems to praise man for being able to accomplish whatever goal he sets his sights on—crossing the sea in winter, snaring birds and beasts, taming wild horses. But the point of the ode is that while man may be able to master nature by developing techniques to achieve his goals, man should formulate those goals by taking into consideration the â€Å"mood and mind for law,† justice, and the common good. Otherwise, man becomes a monster.In his first speech, Creon also uses imagery of mastery to describe the way he governs—he holds the â€Å"ship of state† on course (180). The logical problem with Creon’s rhetoric is that maintaining the ship cannot be the ultimate good or goal in life, as he seems to think. Ships travel with some further end in mind, not for the sake of traveling. Similarly, the stability of the state may be important, but only because that stability enables the pursuit of other human goals, such as honoring family, gods, and loved ones.

Supernatural Elements in English Literature: the Werewolves

Supernatural Elements in English Literature: The Werewolves A  werewolf, also known as a  lycanthrope, is a  mythological or  folkloric  human with the ability to  transform  into a wolf or an  anthropomorphic  wolf-like creature, either purposely or after being placed under a  curse and/or lycanthropic affliction through a bite or scratch from a werewolf, or some other means. This transformation is often associated with the appearance of the  full moon, as popularly noted by the medieval chronicler  Gervase of Tilbury, and perhaps in earlier times among the ancient  Greeks  through the writings of  Petronius.In addition to the natural characteristics inherent to both wolves and humans, werewolves are often attributed strength and speed far beyond those of wolves or men. The werewolf is generally held as a  European  character, although its knowledge spread through the world in later times. Shape-shifters, similar to werewolves, are common in tales f rom all over the world, most notably amongst the  Native Americans, though most of them involve animal forms other than wolves.Werewolves are a frequent subject of modern  fiction, although fictional werewolves have been attributed traits distinct from those of original folklore. For example, the ideas that werewolves are only vulnerable to  silver bullets  or pierced by silver weapons, or that they can cause others to become werewolves by biting or wounding them derive from works of modern fiction. Werewolves continue to endure in modern culture and fiction, with books, films and television shows cementing the werewolf's stance as a dominant figure in horror.The werewolf of the last 60 years is largely the product of Hollywood. The first big werewolf film was The Werewolf of London (1935) followed by The Wolfman (1941), Frankenstein Meets the Wolfman (1943) and The House of Frankenstein (1944). THE CHILDREN OF LYCAON The Greeks and Romans included the werewolf in their myth ology, in the story of Lycaon, the Tyrant of Arcadia. Lycaon served Zeus (pronounced as ‘zeoos’) human flesh at a banquet. In return the god transformed the evil man into a wolf, reflecting the shape of his soul.The very first transformation scene in werewolf literature was penned by the Roman poet, Ovid. Written in the 1st Century AD, the scene shows even the ancient writers knew what readers wanted to see: †¦ There he uttered howling noises, and his attempts to speak were all in vain. His clothes changed into bristling hairs, his arms to legs, and he became a wolf. His own savage nature showed in his rabid jaws, and he now directed against the flocks his innate lust for killing. He had a mania, even yet, for shedding blood.But though he was a wolf, he retained some traces of his original shape. The greyness of his hair was the same, his face showed the same violence, his eyes gleamed as before, and he presented the same picture of ferocity. From Lycaon's name we get the word â€Å"Lycanthropy† or the state of being a werewolf. From mythology, the werewolf entered legend. In the works of Herodotus and Petronius, the werewolf goes from being a mortal cursed by a god to a shape-shifting witch or warlock with evil intentions. In Petronius'  The Satyricon  is a segment sometimes called â€Å"Niceros' Story.Stories like â€Å"Niceros' Story† were common well up to the feudal times. The werewolf was a man, transformed into the animal with all its vulnerabilities. Geraldis Cambrensis tells about two Irish folk cursed by an abbot, to be wolves for their ungodliness. After seven years penance as wolves, they were to change back into humans and return home. The Rawlinson Manuscript  tells about â€Å"King Arthur and Gorgalon†. Gorgalon is another poor individual cursed to be a wolf. These medieval werewolves did not kill men or livestock, and could even speak the Name of God to prove their goodness.They are victims of pries ts, witches and often their own sin. THE LITERARY WEREWOLF The Renaissance ushered in a new era, that of the literary werewolf. John Webster wrote of moral werewolves and vampires in his play  The Duchess Of Malfi  (1613), figurative creatures rather than literal ones. William Beckford, writing a century later during the Age of Reason, briefly mentions the lycanthrope in his arabesque tale  Vathek  (1787)as does Charles Maturin in his masterpiece,  Melmoth The Wanderer  (1820).Other literary figures like Mrs. Crowe and Alexandre Dumas wrote works with werewolves central to the plot. Even the prolific and sanguine Penny Dreadfuls–semi-illiterate, often plaguaristic, newspapers sold for a penny a page–produced one lycanthrope:  Wagner, The Wehr-Wolf  (1846) by G. W. M. Reynolds. With the exception of Wagner, more often than not, the werewolf was used as a metaphor for the beastly sins of glutton, cruelty and avarice than as an actual creature. Despite wor ks with Romantic tonalities like GeorgeMacDonald's â€Å"The Gray Wolf† and â€Å"The Romance of Photogen and Nycteris† as well as Robert Louis Stevenson's â€Å"Ollala†, the majority of Victorians–perhaps the single period to produce the greatest werewolf classics–preferred the supernatural approach, in adventure stories like Rudyard Kipling's â€Å"The Mark of the Beast†(1891), moral tales like Clemence Houseman's â€Å"The Werewolf†(1896) and the masterpiece of vampirism,  Dracula  (1897) by Bram Stoker. More interesting to the lycanthrophile is the excised first chapter, published as â€Å"Dracula's Guest† in 1914.In this chapter–cut because of the novel's length–Jonathan Harker leaves his carriage, which is taking him to Transylvania, and gets lost in a snowstorm. The graveyard he takes shelter in is inhabited by the undead. Only Dracula's appearance as a great, red-eyed wolf, saves Harker, so that he can go onto Castle Dracula and the well-known events there. It is with Stoker and the other Victorians that lycanthrope returns to its true state as a supernatural creature, but retains some allusive qualities as a literary device.The Twentieth Century brought many works about werewolves, more than in any preceding era. Early on these works resemble their Victorian counterparts in the works of writers like Algernon Blackwood and Eden Phillpotts, dealing largely with moral evil embraced in traditional ghost story techniques. It took a novel by New Yorker, Guy Endore (Harry Relis), to change the werewolf theme forever. Before Endore, the only werewolves to comment on social ills or the state of Mankind, were the allusive villains of Webster, evil men but not in actuality flesh-eating monsters.Endore combine the â€Å"actual† werewolf and the â€Å"literary† werewolf to create a modern classic. During the years that Endure wrote  The Werewolf Of Paris, the greatest explosi on of entertainment writing in American history was taking place. During the 1920-50's the Pulp magazines dominated popular entertainment. Titles like Weird Tales and Strange Stories produced hundreds of works about werewolves and other monsters. One writer who exemplified an imaginative use of the werewolf, was Robert E. Howard, the creator of Conan the Cimmerian.One of his very first stories was the vignette â€Å"In the Forest of Villefere†(1925) which first introduces de Montour, a man who meets a werewolf and kills him in wolf form. By so doing, he assumes the curse from the last victim. When we meet him again in â€Å"Wolfshead†(1926) we get to see how the curse comes on him like a ghost, possessing him and turning him into a â€Å"wolf man†. De Montour was standing, legs braced, arms thrown back, fists clenched. The muscles bulged beneath his skin, his eyes widened and narrowed, the veins stood out upon his forehead as if in great physical effort.As I loo ked, to my horror, out of nothing, a shapeless, nameless something took vague form! Like a shadow it moved upon de Montour. It was hovering about him! Good God, it was merging, becoming one with the man! It should be noted that Henry Hull had yet to appear as  The Werewolf Of London  and set Hollywood's werewolf mould for all time. Across many stories, Howard sets down the idea that the wolf people, the harpies and other mythological creatures are ancient survivors of a time when man had yet to evolve from the trees. Contemporary with Howard was H.Warner Munn who penned  The Tales of the Werewolf Clan. Beginning with â€Å"The Werewolf of Ponkert†(1925) he creates a different image of the lycanthrope, not a man who becomes a wolf but another creature who only shares some of the wolf's features: Munn’s work was inspired by a letter from H. P. Lovecraft published in Weird Tales. HPL asked â€Å"†¦ why someone had not attempted a werewolf story narrated by the werewolf himself†. Munn tells the decline of a man who is selected against his will to join the wolf clan that is led by the fearsome Master, a vampire-like being who feeds on victims' souls.The sequel â€Å"The Werewolf's Daughter†(1928) tells of the Werewolf of Ponkert's daughter who is wrongfully prosecuted for his crimes. H. P. Lovecraft, whose fame lies with monsters on such a gigantic scale as to make the werewolf look trivial, himself used the werewolf in a collaborative story called â€Å"The Ghost-eater†(1923), in which the werewolf has been murdered but returns as a ghost, reliving over and over its revenge. He also used the lycanthrope in the poem, â€Å"The Howler†(1929).MODERN WEREWOLVES With the coming of pulps like Astounding Science Fiction and Amazing Stories in the 1920's, Science Fiction writers would eventually get around to explaining the werewolf in scientific terms, in magazines like John W. Campbell's  Unknown. Three of the most intriguing are  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Wolves of Darkness†(1932,  Strange Tales)  and the novel  Darker Than You Think  (1940,  Unknown) by Jack Williamson and â€Å"There Shall Be No Darkness† (1950,  Thrilling Wonder Stories) by James Blish.Recent horror writers have used this same approach, playing fast and loose with the traditional werewolf but creating consistent, terrifying monsters. Whitley Strieber disposed with the shape-shifter altogether and gave us  The Wolfen  (1978), ancient wolf-like spirits who have been on the Earth longer than humans. Preying off the unwanted and derelict, the Wolfen are the top of the human food chain, taking the sick and the weak. The future of the werewolf is assured. The old lycanthrope has a few surprises left up his furry sleeve.