Bassett and Howley

It nas been proposed initially by ( ) that the individuals with more training experience have additional cardiac output, and such individuals are able to operate with even less oxygen saturation. It is also argued that, in elite athletes, decreased transportation time of the RBCs in the pulmonary vessels causes oxygen desaturation in the arteries due to increased cardiac output.Moreover, increase in flow rate occurs due to increase in volume of blood flow in the vessels or capillaries having constant diameter (Pelliccia et al. , 2002). If flow rate is so fast, then ed blood cells will surpass oxygen hurriedly to the haemoglobin, which will result in less saturation of haemoglobin resulting in reduced oxygen in exercising muscle, causing muscle fatigue (Warpeha, 2003). This theory indicates that maximum oxygen consumption is, to an extent, limited by pulmonary factors during exercise. While other authors indicate that factors such as arterial oxygenation are impossible to affect V02 m ax (Vogiatzis et al. , 2008). Moreover, Christensen (1931) argued that decline in sub maximal heart rate, without affecting cardiac output, can occur during aerobic exercise.He concluded that maintaining cardiac output is possible by increasing stroke volume when heart rate is decreased, as cardiac output is the result of heart rate into stroke volume. However, this relationship varies when exercise reaches maximum level. It was evaluated that training time and levels did not affect maximum heart rate, and only an augmented stroke volume caused improvement in performance when exercise reached its maximum levels. Hence, stroke volume was able to maintain appropriate cardiac output, as average heart rate remained the same for both trained and untrained individuals at maximal exercise Christensen, 1931; Saltin and Calbert, 2006).

Africa and the Americas 1492 to 1750 Dbq

From 1492 to 1750 in the Americas and Africa, there were social and political changes such as a shift of power in the Americas— the power going from the natives to European dominance, a change in the demographics of the Americas— Europeans became a part of the population and the population of natives decreased dramatically, and a change in the demographics of Africa—Africans were taken from their homes and sold for slavery. In the Americas there was a dramatic political shift of power going from the natives to Europeans.Document two suggests that when the Europeans came in, they destroyed the great cities that the natives had already built and established. Hernan Cortes, in his letter to King Charles V, states â€Å"This great city of Tenochtitlan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , â€Å"The city is as large as Seville or Cordoba†¦ †, â€Å"their [the natives] fashion of living was almost the same as in Spain, with just as much harmony and order†¦Ã¢â‚¬  suggestin g that the cities the Natives had already established were as great as the Spanish’s, before they took over and destroyed them.As a European conqueror Cortes would have seen the greatness of these cities and witnessed how they functioned, also being able to compare it to the cities of Spain, from which he was born and lived in. In his letter he seems honest but contradictory because while he says â€Å"their [the natives] fashion of living was almost the same as in Spain, with just as much harmony and order†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he follows that statement with â€Å"†¦considering these people were barbarous†¦ — hinting that although they lived almost as extravagantly as the Spanish, he still considered them of less worth than Europeans. Natives were used as slaves to mine silver at the Potosi silver mine for the Spanish (document five). Document Five is an excerpt of Compendium and Description of The West Indies written by Spanish priest, Antonio Vazquez de Espinosa , who would have been able to experience the tough and dangerous working conditions that the natives were forced to endure, so his writings would have been mostly accurate, if not partially influenced by his moral beliefs.By the 18th century, Europeans had claimed large territories in the Americas, land which had previously been ruled by the natives, and began to colonize the land (document six). There was also a change in the demographics of the Americas. Document one shows where early European explorers began to populate the Americas. Another legal document comparing the native population and the European population in the Americas from the beginning of the 15th century to the end of the 18th century would help in the understanding of the change in the demographics.Document three displays the effect that the European diseases, such as smallpox, had on the natives, causing death. Another document, such as a diary entry by a native explaining the effects of smallpox on others around him would be particularly helpful in gaining insight of the situation. By 1735 the social ladder in the Americas was completely different— â€Å"Spaniards or Whites, Mestizos, Indians or Natives, and Negroes† (document eight). This shows how the Europeans took over control of the native population, put themselves above the natives, and saw themselves as a higher rank because of skin color.Jorge Juan and Antonio de Ulloa were able to experience it themselves and see how the Europeans believed they were better because of â€Å"riches, rank, and power†. In Africa there was a large social change in the demographics. Africans, even noblemen and their sons, would be taken from their homes in the middle of the night by Whites and forced into slavery; This shows that even their social status had no effect on whether or not they would be enslaved (document four). King Alfonso of Kongo would have seen what was happening to his people.He explains in his letter to King Joa o of Portugal that he knows that his people are enslaving the African men—â€Å"out of great desire for the wares and things of your kingdoms, which are brought here by your people and in order to satisfy their disordered appetite, seize many of our people, freed and exempt men. † From the 15th century to the 18th century the number of slaves being shipped from Africa to the Americas increased greatly, as did the number of deaths in transit (document seven).Document four only speaks of men being enslaved and knowing that while more Africans were enslaved the population remained consistant, it can be concluded that this was a main factor in the increased practice of polygamy in Africa. A document comparing the amount of females to males before and after slavery would be useful in explaining the increase of polygamy in African society.

Banana Republics Footwear

Banana Republic's footwear brand is Banana Republic. Banana Republic in Paragon of Orchard Road is more unique as it has only one store. The categories I will write are their footwear. Banap Republic is a subsidiary of Gap. The company was previously a catalog retailer specializing in hunting-themed clothing created by Mel and Patricia Ziegler. It eventually changed the name to a luxury clothing retailer. Banana Republic Banana Republic is a barrier-free luxury that offers modern, affectionate, relaxed and diverse styles for men and women all over the world. Banana Republic is designed for luxury at an affordable price. Banana republic products include clothing, handbags, jewelry, perfumes and eyeglasses. The Banana Republic was founded in 1978. Also, since 1997 Banana Republic Factory is operated. Banana Republic Factory Store sells high-end design and fashion at a high price. Banana is the most popular fresh fruit in the United States, related to Miss Kikita and Carmen Miranda, Ban ana Republic, and Banana Republic clothing store. But what does the increase in US banana consumption have on banana production areas in Central America? In this crisp and interdisciplinary study John Soluri combines agronomy, anthropology, political economy, and history to track the symbiotic growth of the export banana industry in Honduras and the mass market of American consumers. Since the banana 's first appearance in the American market in the 1870' s, Soluri examined the tension between small producers and shippers who led the early trade.

Applying the 4 Models of the BGS (Business Government & Society) Research Paper

Applying the 4 Models of the BGS (Business Government & Society) Relationship to the current debate over U.S. HealthCare Reform - Research Paper Example health insurance system would be more beneficial on the part of the children as well as the older and senior women who do not have the financial means to support their medical health expenses. In the absence of access to health care insurance, millions of Americans will be worried about not have the benefit of receiving high-quality and affordable health care plans for themselves and their family members in case one of them suddenly becomes ill (Sebelius). Likewise, it would be difficult on the part of the U.S. government to control hundreds of billions of dollars that can be wasted because of the ineffenciency in the federal health care programs such as the Medicare and Medicaid including some of the health insurance companies that do not exert effort in increasing the services they provide to the people (Hitchcock). Specifically the market capitalism model illustrates businesses that are operating within the market environment in response to economic forces (Steiner and Steiner, pp. 9 – 12). In this model, the market serves as a shock absorber between the non-market forces and the business sector. (See Figure I – The Market Capitalism Model below) This model clearly represents the relationship between the American people and the health care insurance companies that was present way before the current U.S. health care reform. Upon informing the Americans about the health care insurance products, consumers are given the opportunity to make a decision on whether to purchase health care insurance plan or not. (See Figure II – Buying of Health Care Insurance Process below) The problem with the use of the market capitalism model is that health care insurance companies could easily take advantage of the people by charging them with higher premiums for the costs of health care services. For this reason, the health care practices in the United States needs to be changed by implementing the current health care reform. Under the dominance model, it

Contributions of Steve Jobs in the Business Field Research Paper

Contributions of Steve Jobs in the Business Field - Research Paper Example As a result, he has influenced many companies and business people as well as young entrepreneurs all over the world. He had a winning personal character that enabled him to achieve whatever he wanted. In addition, he was able to lead and manage his company with competency, which allowed him to be among the most successful Chief Executive Officers. Moreover, Jobs had a way of winning the confidence of customers and offer them satisfaction. He did this by being very innovative and ensuring his company produced new products regularly. This paper will discuss the contributions of Steve Jobs in the business field. It will discuss in detail his management style, innovative mind as well as his character. Introduction On February 24, 1955, two young graduate students gave birth to Steve Jobs in San Francisco. These two unmarried graduate students were an American and a Syrian. Jobs biological parents felt that they were not ready to take responsibility of taking care of the boy. They therefore resolved to put him for adoption. A couple in California, Paul and Clara Jobs adopted Steve and he considered them as his real and only parents (Gillam, 15). Life in California was not very easy and Steve grew in harsh conditions of lack and hustling. When he was through with his high school education, his parents struggled to raise his school fees. Jobs spent most of his time helping his father in his garage, where he developed affection for machines. Most people considered Steve jobs as a most important figure both in the computer and entertainment sectors. Jobs’ history in business made him to be a triumphant capitalist, highlighting the significance of design while understanding the crucial responsibility of novelty in making information and entertainment products more available in to the public. This means that Steve jobs contributed or played a major role in the business sector (Gershon, 366). In the late 1970s, both the electronic and the automobile industries in the United States were getting stiff competition from foreign companies. It was normal for the Americans to expect their businesses to flourish and prosper. Therefore, word spread all over the country regarding the college dropouts who fashioned the personal computer in a garage and established a fun, new company. Exaggerations of the story went on until Jobs grew in to a hero and became a computer whiz kid. This shows how Steve Jobs contributed to computer education hence making most people in the world to become computer literate (Aaseng, 118). Personal characters that made Jobs become a successful entrepreneur Many people deem that the character of Jobs was very contradicting. This is because on the positive side they see Jobs as a motivating and visionary person, who would not settle until he fulfills his dreams and visions. On the other hand, there are those who see him as a hard, aggressive and stern person, who rebukes his employees and overwork them. However, even though Jobs had a contradicting personality, this very personality triggered his outstanding success and made him a strong entrepreneur (Griffin, 430). While the CEO of Apple, Steve Jobs developed a strong character in sales and marketing that helped in successfully marketing the products of Apple. In addition, the visionary aspect of Jobs helped the world to develop a new understanding of the use of computers. In the past, it is evident that there was a common assert ion that the only people to use computers were professionals especially in data centers. As a result of this imitative, Jobs was able to sell make the public aware that computers have multiple uses. This regard, he influenced the business community by encouraging many prospective entrepreneurs to

Law of tort Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Law of tort - Essay Example Amy was likely to have a tort of negligence against Bob. This is the omission to do something that a reasonable person guided by considerations that regulate ordinarily, the conduct of human affairs would do or not do. In this case, to succeed in the action of negligence, Amy should be able to prove; a legal duty of care, that the defendant was in breach of the legal duty and that the act of breach led to the suffering of the damages. With regards to the duty of care, Amy will have to prove that Bob owed her the duty of care. Applying the rule of Atkins where the rule that you have to love your neighbor becomes in the law that you must not injure your neighbor. Arguing along this line, Bob's neighbor was Amy and because of Bob's careless driving, he ended up injuring Amy (Heather, 2004). On the other hand, it can be possible that there was a breach of duty when Bob carelessly drove his care leading to the injury of Amy. This is something he could have avoided by simple standard care required when driving. Finally, since negligence is not actionable, Amy should prove that the injury sustained was due to breach as a result of Bob's carelessness. Before the accident, Amy was physically well, however, because of the accident, Amy sustained injuries. This enough proof of the negligence. The state that has the jurisdiction over the case is Colorado, however, Washington may also claim the same. Jurisdiction may be defined as the power of the court to make a decision on a case that will be enforceable by the authorities as well as other courts.

Critically analyse and evaluate current research and literature Essay

Critically analyse and evaluate current research and literature relating to the significance of the presence and absence of ano-genital injuries in posr puberta - Essay Example Male have testosterone while female have estrogen and progesterone. The reproductive stage continues until old age both in male and in female and eventually these are the secondary sex characteristics and events of puberty. It is essential to remember that however, that it is the puberty that represents the beginning period of the reproductive system activity. (Marieb, 2002) The ano-genital area of the human body, sometimes referred to as â€Å"genito-anal† includes the anus and the genitals of both sexes. The genito-anal plays a vital role in pre-pubertal and post pubertal stages. Earlier, the certain part of the body is not taken into consideration unlike nowadays where certain diseases can de diagnosed through the examination of the anus and the genitals. The observations can also serve as indicators of the sexual abuse especially in women. Many of the characteristics of the ano-genital areas are further studied to show its significance in many other reproductive processes and development. The ano-genital areas of both male and female can be differentiated if these were abused or not. In pre-pubertal ano-genital area is most likely have the characteristic of none presence of warts, hematomas, and lacerations mostly in children. These are just some of the sign if the certain individual have been sexually abused. In post-pubertal stages, the ano-genital appears to be the opposite of that of the pre-pubertal. In female victims, bleeding and discharge in both genital and anal region are more visible. (Hobbs and Wynne, 1999) The ano-gential index (AGI) or the value of the distance between the anus and the genitals divided the body weight, is primarily the comparative tool between individuals (Barett, 2006). The ano-genital index is commonly used in boys who had been exposed in chemicals. Scientists believed that exposure to chemicals such as

Internet Addiction Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Internet Addiction - Article Example Some of the effects include increased depression, loneliness, antisocial behaviors influence into drug use and anxiety, which are exhibited by internet-addicted persons. In addition, the article claims that internet usage has grave effects on the mind of users. The article suggests that the effects on the mind are negative since internet usage requires less utilization of the brain hence reduced brain development. The most important fact in this article is that internet addiction is harming the users. This can be deduced from the author’s argument that â€Å"The current incarnation of the Internet--portable, social, accelerated, and all-pervasive--may be making us not just dumber or lonelier but more depressed and anxious, prone to obsessive-compulsive and attention-deficit disorders, even outright psychotic. Our digitized minds can scan like those of drug addicts, and normal people are breaking down in sad and seemingly new ways.† One of the strengths of the article is that the author makes use of convincing evidence obtained from credible sources. Almost all the claims are supported by evidence from a published study. An extra strength is that the author rarely uses his own opinion to prove a claim. One of the weaknesses of the article is the lack of conclusion. The author puts forward several arguments on how availability and use of the internet have affected human beings but never come to a conclusion. Another weakness is the several unanswered questions that the author has posted. A good example is on what should be done on the issue of internet addiction. The author keeps arguing about the effects of internet overuse but never gives a solution to this problem. In addition, the thesis statement is not well stated. It is only after reading a large part of the article that one can tell the question under discussion.

Philosophy mind and world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Philosophy mind and world - Essay Example ogic of premises, claims and conclusion whereas Heidegger’s philosophy demands deep understanding of metaphysics in order to decipher the same distinction between the self and its existence. Descartes offers proof in the discourse in his arguments of the six meditations in which he explains the distinction between mind and body while Heidegger elucidates the self on the basis of metaphysics. It can be argued that Rene Descartes has been more successful in undertaking the task of explaining ‘Next I examined attentively what I was’ than Heidegger. While Descartes defines the difference in the mind and body in his theory of dualism in stages of meditation and the experience of the person who undergoes hierarchy of meditation Heidegger’s explanation is based purely on metaphysics and philosophical sciences. Descartes’ explanation can be understood by pure logic of premises, claims and conclusion whereas Heidegger’s philosophy demands deep understanding of metaphysics in order to decipher the distinction between the self and its existence with reference to philosophy, mind and the world. Descartes’ explanation through meditation ‘ Next I examined attentively what I was’ I saw that while I could pretend that I had no body and that there was no world and no place for me to be in , I could not for all that pretend that I did not exist. I saw on the contrary that from the truth of other things, it followed quite evidently and certainly that I existed; whereas if I had merely ceased thinking, even if everything else I had ever imagined had been true, I should have had no reason to believe that I existed. From this I knew I was a substance whose whole essence or nature is simply to think and which does not require any place or depend on any material thing in order to exist (Hatfield, Descartes, and p246). The empirical â€Å"Descartes observed: "Thus the whole of philosophy is like a tree: the roots are metaphysics, the trunk is physics, and

College tuition Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

College tuition - Research Paper Example This paper attempts to investigate the economic costs and benefits associated with college tuition. The research will also help administrative bodies and students to identify the key factors affecting the effectiveness of college education. Finally, the conclusion will suggest effective measures to minimize the benefits cost associated with college tuition. COSTS AND BENEFITS OF EDUCATION The Opportunity Costs of College Education A number of opportunity costs are associated with college education. When a student decides to get admission in college instead of earning on a job, the lost earning is the opportunity cost. Since there is large number of applicants than the available seats, the rejection of more deserving students account for opportunity cost to that college. If the enrolled student is not utilizing his capabilities efficiently, the rejected student might have proven more successful to college and the society. Furthermore, the qualified student directly suffered emotional stress and tangible loss. The Economic Costs of College Education The tuition payment made for college education is an investment in student’s future. The cost of college education is increasing with every passing year as illustrated in figure 01. Figure 01. Increasing Trends in College Pricing Source: The College Board, 2010. However, the college tuition cost considerably varies depending on the choice of college. Around 47% of the fulltime undergraduate students are enrolled into four-year colleges with tuition fees less than $9,000 per annum. Comparatively, the private four-year colleges charge students with more than $35,000 per annum. Sometimes, these colleges also offer partial scholarships and financial aid programs attracting more applicants. The average tuition and fees at a two-year college stands around 2, 713 per annum. Few of the colleges may also offer to cover all tuition costs in full scholarships. In the year 2009-10, around $154 billion was spent in providin g financial aid to college students. Benefits College education is quite beneficial investment in terms of developing human capital. The lifetime income potential of a person far increases with education and training. These days, it is vital for a person to be prepared to work in modern economies by getting reasonable education. College tuition is thus an investment in enhancing knowledge, skills, competencies, values and habits of a person. Apart from the monetary awards, various social benefits are also associated with college education. College education has remarkably decreased the public reliance on financial assistance programs leading to the generation of more tax revenues. This also increases the serving capacity of the public sector. The costs imposed by criminal justice system on the society cannot be ignored. Over the past few decades, education has resulted in decrease of crime rates. Thus, the public sector funds spend by the system on prosecution, punishment and probat ion of criminals can be utilized for social welfare. In addition, educated people are capable of forming a more interacting civil society. TUITION DATA According to the Trends in College Pricing 2010 report, increase in grant aid has resulted in decline of average tuition and fees in the recent years. However, a large number of students are still paying full tuition charges that are increasing every year. For instance, Students at four-year public colleges with no financial funding paid 7.9% more in 2010 than they

Schizophrenia affects Essay Example for Free

Schizophrenia affects Essay Schizophrenia affects approximately 2.5 million Americans and more than 24 million people worldwide (Janssen). Schizophrenia is a brain disorder that is very difficult to live with. Schizophrenia has strong hereditary component (Smith, Segal). People with schizophrenia hear voices, lose touch with reality, can’t think clearly, function, see things or hear things that are not really there, and can’t distinguish what is real and what is unreal(Smith, Segal). Having this disorder could affect the relationship they have with others and even loved ones. To students who are non-aware of this disorder should know that this could happen to anyone. The early signs of schizophrenia comes’ without anyone being warned. You might have known someone your whole life and in a blink of an eye it could happen suddenly. Most cases of schizophrenia appear in the late teens or early adulthood. However, schizophrenia can appear for the first time in middle age or even later (Smith, Segal). The disorder is common in men than it is in women. The most common early signs of schizophrenia are insomnia, oversleeping, strange use of words, forgetful, depression, flat gaze, inappropriate laugh or cry, and abandonment at work or school (Smith, Segal). . There are so many other different signs of schizophrenia. Sometimes people with schizophrenia tend to think people are out to get them, or people are poisoning them through their food. Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and disorganized behavior are all symptoms of schizophrenia. There are three major types of this disorder: paranoid schizophrenia, disorganized schizophrenia, and catatonic schizophrenia. Schizophrenia affects relationships because people with schizophrenia often get paranoid and suspicious of friends and their family. Drugs and alcohol play a big part in schizophrenia people because they often use drugs and drink to self- medicate themselves. Most of the time people with schizophrenia tend to think they are better and they do not think they need their medicine no longer, so they stop taking their medicine. When they stop  taking their medicine they usually relapse back into the delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and disorganized behavior. Being diagnosed with schizophrenia is a long process. Doctors do an evaluation and ask questions pertaining to family history and the symptoms he or she is having. The doctors then will do a physical examination and see if anything could have caused this problem. The doctors usually will order a CAT scan or MRI to examine the brain for further explanations of the problems. Sometimes when doctors are diagnosing schizophrenia they usually hold them in a behavior floor in the hospital. Methodist Unity Point in Peoria, Illinois has a behavior floor for people with disorders. They watch for symptoms and evaluate their patients so they can diagnose them with the right diagnostics. Being diagnosed with schizophrenia could be devastating, but they can live a wonderful life. If people noticed a change in a loved one, make sure to seek medical attention. The faster people get treatment for schizophrenia they have a higher chance to improve their recovery. If you were to have schizophrenia it would not be your fault that you have it. No one is really sure why people get this disorder but there is no one to blame. It is actually easier for a person to cope with the idea of cancer than it is to understand the odd behavior, hallucinations or strange ideas of a person with schizophrenia (Grohol). People who are close to someone with schizophrenia often are affected by their symptoms. They may see things that aren’t really there or hear things telling them to say thing or do things they really don’t mean. Just know it’s not their fault and show as much love and support for them. People tend to be over-whelmed and their relationship with a person with a schizophrenia disorder eventually falls apart. Do not feel discourage or frightened there is hope for your loved one. REFERENCES Cannon, Tyrone. Cures for Schizophrenia | IMHRO. Cures for Schizophrenia | IMHRO (One Mind Institute). N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Oct. 2014. Grohol, John M. All About Schizophrenia and Psychosis. All About Schizophrenia and Psychosis. N.p., 2 Sept. 2013. Web. 19 Sept. 2013. Pharmaceuticals, Janssen. About Schizophrenia Causes Prevalence of Schizophrenia. Causes Prevalence of Schizophrenia. N.p., 1 Aug. 2013. Web. 19 Sept. 2013. Schizophreniaand Psychosis. All About Schizophrenia and Psychosis. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Oct. 2014. Smith, Melinda, and Jeanne Segal. Schizophrenia: Signs, Types Causes. Schizophrenia: Signs, Symptoms, Types, Causes, and Effects. N.p., July 2013. Web. 17 Sept. 2013.

Musical Impact Essay Example for Free

Musical Impact Essay In society today, music is shown to have an impact on ways of life. People within the society are raised with it in some way. Music is always present in society. It is natural then, to wonder about the origin of music. Music is a special type of sound and noises mixed in together. People create the meanings of these sounds and noises to create their own opinions and emotions of expressing themselves. Many people believed that music is created in the mind for this same reason. That we have the sounds and noises that are heard are within our own human being and along that, it can come once we are born with it. Although, this may not be true, due to the differences in today’s society, there are many aspects that can have a control of the musical taste of a person. Ones musical interests are not based on biology, rather the individual’s environment: community, culture, religion, and geography. First of all a community can effect an individual interest in music. The definition of a community is having the same beliefs, resources, needs and risks. When people tend to share and have the same interest they tend to also have the same interest in music. The term â€Å"community music† finds no more resonating tone than within minority groups working toward social acceptance and assimilation (Hayes 6). As shown in the International Journal we can see people tend to stick together in order to have the same identity and be accepted in the group. Also sharing the same risks and resources will help them have communication within each other, making it be easier on them to be able to relate. An example of this would be people in community, such as in Honduras, they have a lot of different beliefs. For example, in the burials, the community gathers around in order to their last goodbye to the deceased. Then they called upon a band, which in their thoughts mean that they celebrate the life of the deceased. They each sing and walk with the burial service and take them around. This event mentioned, to some may be disrespectful, but to Hondurans is a way to communicate with the dead. It shows that they respect him or her and show him or her that they are celebrating the life they had. Having communication in music brings to a community a better aspect to people and it is also very important for them. Yes, they can be sounds and noises to some, but many do not think that way. Like the people in Honduras, their beliefs are very important and they demonstrate them through music. Therefore, a community could determine a person’s interest in music because a community makes an individual do the same thing as other people. Another example would be, if a person listens to rock and they see that other people listen to it too, than they will would go ahead and hear it to. Secondly, culture is also another factor that influences music preferences on individuals. The culture of someone can affect the way of music choices. The two factors that generate culture will be academic knowledge and manners taught to each person (Yudkin 27). Each culture then possesses on its own musical language. This musical language reflects its own traditions, concerns, and activities; and in order to begin to understand the music of another culture, we need to understand something of the nature of its culture systems and the role the music plays in them (Yadkin 5). This is because many of the cultures have different academics and manners taught to them. An example is the culture would be of the Mandinka of Gambia in Senegal, they have a special musician leader, known as a jali. This leader is very important to the tribe due to that fact that he knows all the prayers and all the history of the tribe (Miller 44). As shown in this example each culture has its own special person and holds music as a special part of the community. The important part here is that a person needs to grow up somewhere. That place holds a significant knowledge making them a part of that culture group. With growing with them they hold a place within the culture. Music brings them all together making them communicate with each other easily and bring them normalcy. When this takes place the individual takes the musical knowledge and incorporates it into their system and beliefs. The beliefs that they incorporated can be seen in their academic areas. The literature, dance, and theater cannot go anywhere and do their expected ideas across without music. Music has to be in these areas in order to function well and be able to get the individuals culture across to the people. For example, dance cannot function without music. It gives the person the beats and the melody in order to create the feeling they want to get across to their audience (Miller 57). Dance also has different meanings in culture. A New Yorker can have a different rhythm than a person from China. This difference can be seen with the music they choose for their arts and their dance. It’s really difficult to be able to be prejudice to others cultures, because every culture is different. Music has that effect on society because it teaches the cultures and meanings of one’s society. The mixture of music to other society is also shown. Many of these arts can be seen throughout the world and from them people learn the differences in music. Music such as Jazz, Blues, and Gospels were produced when Europeans and Africans came together during the late nineteenth and twentieth century’s (Miller 61). Here we can see two cultures mixed in together and this is shown through their mix of their own music. Music can bring together worlds and is all due to its simplicity such as using their melodies and sounds. Music creates a new world for many people. The third factor that can affect the music choices of the individuals is the fact of one’s religion. Many religions do not allowed their followers to hear music from the outside world such hip-hop and rock. As said by Kong, â€Å"its nature is presented in a stylized and stereotypical fashion by the mass media the moral barricades are manned by bishops (Kong 104)†. An example of this is Christians and Catholics which have very different opinions regarding music. Christians is the larger group that includes Catholics. Christian women followers are not allowed to wear pants or the followers are not able to hear any type of music because in their regard they are preventing is a sin from them. While Catholic Church allowed their followers to wear their clothing with respect to God and be able to choose the type of music they listen to. As seen the music plays a big role due to the fact that Catholic churches make prayers into songs and sing them with their hearts, believing that God can be able to hear them (Miller kj187). While Christians cannot be able to do the same pray and sing to God due to the banned of music within their own. To many this is not unusual seeing the difference of worship. But once looked inside and see the music playing its role is different because it makes people think about what God thinks and which one he would prefer. If it is just music and prayers, then there is no music at all in its gatherings of worship. This is important because music can be seen playing a role in religions and making individuals having a different taste to the one with a Catholic follower. The religion of a person a can limit the person the knowledge of the evolution of the music outside their group. This can make it hard on them to relate to the others outside the society. The last and important factor that can make a difference in ones interest in music is the geography. Many people as seen can have different views and belief but geography make them have a different taste in music. We hear the melody, but we feel the beat. People in all cultures move their bodies to the rhythms of music, whether drumming, dancing, or rocking an infant (Silver and Trainer 2). This is important because a person in Los Angeles California will not have the same beats and rhythm as a person in London, Great Britain. Each part of the world is bound to have some type of music but the music differentiated in each part of the world. As mentioned in the seven themes of music geography â€Å"specific involvement with location of musical activities, such as the compositions and travels of their composers, rather than broader world distributions of regional delineations mentioned in Theme Two† (Nash and Carney 66). This means that even with culture and communities, music was first put into the field of geography due to the travels of the musicians and the spread of their ideas and tunes. This is important because it not only gives a way for questions to arise such the one that geography is the main factor as to the interest of music in humans. Due to the composers traveling, they spread around the ideas meaning that culture is affected and the belief is shaken with these ideas. The population of the countries is also a big factor because due to the fact that people are mixed together. People with different geography regions tend to have a different viewpoint of the world and music can be included in that. In conclusion this can be said, that these types of points can create music interest such one’s environment: community, culture, religion, and geography. This can be reasonable because people cannot be born with music interests. They are shaped by ones environment. People can have the same music interests if they shared the same belief and the same religion where they live. Music is very common in and around the world. Music is therefore a symbol to society because it represents the life and beliefs of people. Music can have a great impact on the life of people and this is important because this makes society. Music is evidently an important part of the lives of human beings. Music is reflected to our society we are in. The four aspects which are one’s community, culture, religion, and geography can determine each person’s interests in music rather than biological. Other factors can also relate to one’s musical preference, but the four aspects are the ones that are most common. Music is bound to be heard everywhere and without music the world would have hard times understanding things. Music is important to our world because it brings us together and also puts life and excitement. Music will always motivate people and will always be part of our lives. Without music, our society wouldn’t be the same including our feelings and impressions about it. Therefore, music brings happiness to our friends, and families, and all the people around the world.

Economic Social Cultural Environmental And Political Impacts Tourism Essay

Economic Social Cultural Environmental And Political Impacts Tourism Essay Undeniably, events are significant motivators of tourism and their impacts play a crucial part for destination competitiveness, especially when having to deal with unique planned events (Getz, 2008). It must be said that tourism is one of the most prosperous industries, which evolved especially over the last 50 years. It can be defined as a human activity that includes human behaviour, use of resources, communication with other people, economies and environments. It also includes physical movement of tourists to locations, which are not their permanent living houses (Bull, 1995). There are a lot of components of the tourism industry that can add to a countrys value and mega events are one of them. An exact explanation of the term mega event does not exist, however they can be defined as short-term tourism events of a large scale aiming to create new or even renew investment in host cities, thus projecting a positive image of the city (Greene, 2003). Furthermore, mega events can be described as global events and the requirement for a specific city to host such an event is to bid to win it (Getz, 2008). They are usually managed by national governments and international non-governmental institutions and can be classified as significant components in reports of cultural behaviour (Roche, 2000). There are a lot of aspects of impacts resulting from mega events and some of them can be economic, social, environmental, cultural and political. All these can emerge prior to the event, during the event or even after the event, and they can be either or both positive and negative impacts, operating both in the short-run and long-run, that will be beneficial to a tourism destination or act as a threat to it. Additionally, they can bring relatively positive economic effects as well as boost tourism from the time that the bid to host the event by a city has been won, until long time after the event (Williams and Shaw, 1998). The magnitude of th ese impacts depends mainly on the host citys management methods, especially by the government, in its effort to impose successful strategies to strengthen the positive impacts, while trying to keep the negative impacts to a minimum. Hosts mostly expect to create strong legacies that will last a lifetime, and job creation, increase in tourism figures, improvements in infrastructure, rise in the level of GDP and increased demand for commodities are included in their main expectations. Investing in sports venues, various tourism services and improving transportation might trigger economic growth, higher employment levels and renewal of the host city (Sakai, 2006). They also consider mega events as projects that give them the chance to built up a superior reputation, validated by measuring the tangible benefits and deducting the tangible costs from them(Kearney, 2005). It must be highlighted that mega events play a crucial role in promoting a tourism destination and the Olympic Games are one of the best examples of such events. Their history dates back to 776 B.C. in ancient Olympia Greece and during that short time of the event sacred truce was taking place, wars were stopped, and roads were becoming toll free, exemplifying their importance (Holloway and Taylor, 2009). I will be using Olympic Games throughout my essay to demonstrate what such an event can bring to a destination and specifically analyse the economic impacts of the Olympics on tourism destinations.http://www.twip.org/photo/europe/greece/photo-5255-08-03-06-14-31-05.jpghttp://www.flutetunes.com/img/posts/olympic-truce-emblem.jpg The Olympic Truce Emblem The Panathenaic Stadium in Athens, Greece A closer look will be taken to the case of Sydney Summer Olympic Games 2000, where the government used a unique until then strategy undertaken by a host with a free market economy. All of these were done in its effort to enhance the positive economic impacts and reduce the negative impacts. Its initial strategy was to attract as many as possible tourists to the event and induce them to travel in other places in Australia, thus enhancing its tourism industry. The second strategy was to generate strong bonds in order to increase its ability to create tourist business and the third strategy was to make Australia a more attractive destination where three types of visitors were of high importance. These were leisure tourists, business visitors and MICE (meetings, incentives, conventions and exhibitions) visitors. It must be highlighted, that MICE visitors can bring the more money into a country while business visitors establish new business into the local economy and leisure visitors cont ribute towards the local economy by travelling around and using the local commodities. The returns from spending in business benefits were more tangible and persuasive resulting to greater planning in favour and in funding of economic effects by both federal and NSW governments as well as the Australian Tourist Commission (Cashman,2006). It is important for each Olympic Games to create something new and leave a great legacy behind them. For the case of Australia the main legacy that authorities wanted to create, was more tourists visiting the country, not only during the event but especially after it (Chalip, 2000). A huge crowd is attracted by the Olympic Games which consist of groups of people such as spectators, media representatives, members of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), sponsors and athletes. Through the extensive media coverage, a host citys image may be reinforced or even altered affecting tourists image about the city (Hall, 1989) and an encouraging image of a host city might be a reason to attract both national and international tourists (McManus, 1999). About 1.6 million people were estimated to visit Australia between 1997-2004 by the Tourism Forecasting Council (Chalip, 2000) and all these tourists were expected to inject a huge amount of money for circulation into the host countrys econom y in both short-run and long-run, where most of the money would be coming from television rights, ticket sales and general use of commodities. It was also predicted that 150,000 jobs would be created through the money spent by tourists and other visitors. What is more is that people involved in the Olympics can later use their skills to enter the workforce if there are jobs places available to them, but all these depend upon the success of the event and if peoples skills are in a certain manner that can be used in the future without additional training cost needed to incur. There is evidence to prove that during Sydney 2000 Olympics US$3billion was generated in the local business sector (Kearney, 2005). It must be added that Australia was expected to gain AUS$6.5billion from the games during the period of 1994-2004. The opportunity of attracting more tourists prior, during and post the event, like in the case of Barcelona Olympic Games 1992, where tourist figures increased a lot especially after hosting the Olympics and making it an established tourist resort, enables tour operators to create more and better holiday packages that can be offered to national and especially international potential visitors and thus improving their economic wellbeing, as well as bringing more money into the local economy. Added to these, the city government of Sydney in a combination with private investment invested a huge amount of money in their effort to expand the Sydney airport, improve the citys roads and expand hotel room capacity by 25% (Chalip,2000). It can be deduced that these investments were aiming to attract more tourists, event visitors and business visitors contributing positively towards the local economy.http://www.mapsofworld.com/olympic-trivia/images/olympic-emblem/sydney2000.gifhttp://dvice.com/ pics/sydney_stadium.jpg Sydney 2000 Olympic Games Stadium Sydney 2000 Olympic Games Logo Moreover, Sydney had won 202 bids MICE by the end of 1999 and they included 251,280 delegates contributing AUS$919,649,010 to the Australian economy and thus increasing the level of its GDP. Also, sponsors use the Olympics to promote their brands thus improving their reputation while injecting money into the local economy. Most of the times the large amounts of money injected to the host countrys economy from foreign investment have impacts of millions of dollars and governments should use this money in the best way possible to benefit the economy. For example Visa spend over AUS$30million to include Sydney and pictures from the country into its advertisement campaign. Of course there are huge costs involved in order for a country to host Olympic Games and sometimes countries plan ahead before even winning the bid to host such an event. The total investment in Australia represented 0.6% of its GDP, which was a large amount of money spent for a short-term event. Even though most expenses are covered by the government and domestic as well as foreign institutions, it is inevitable that taxpayer money would be needed in order to host a costly event like the Olympics and satisfying the standards required by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) (Matheson, 2006).Costs related to infrastructure, constructing stadiums and carrying out sports events are the biggest and although they are classified as costs some argue that they contribute positively towards the local economy such as by constructing stadiums jobs are created, lowering the unemployment levels, and stadiums can be used after the Olympics to host other sports or leisure events triggering som e economic growth. In the case of Barcelona 1992 Olympics significant infrastructure improvements have taken place in just 8 years time, in order to be ready at the time of the event, whereas 50 years were normally needed for sea front, sewage, telecommunication improvements and new airport construction to take place. These changes have helped Barcelona to develop and look as a more attractive tourism destination. Also, in the case of Athens 2004 Games transportation improvements to roads, metro and trains helped towards making the city more contemporary (Kearney,2005). This aspect, infrastructure, add ups to the living standards of locals as well as making the city more accessible to future tourists since they will have the chance to use pleasing transportation methods. In Australia however, some venues had to go through maintenance in order to be able to host other types of events as well which required further costs than benefits to the Australian economy and also made the venues to loose from their original identity and history. An example of such an action is the Olympic Park 2000 which has been transformed in order to host sports events and several types of fairs. Similarly, the Olympic Stadium of Beijing 2008 Olympics has been transformed in order to be more profitable. Ex-post studies have proven that there is not enough evidence that economic benefits arise from sports events to neither sports teams, nor facilities and according to Humphreys (2003, p.6) in US constructing new sports facilities failed to increase income per capita or total employment level (Owen, 2005). Even though a $5.1billion increase in NSWs GDP resulted from the Olympics, where two fifths would go towards household income Sydney turned out to face expenses. Added to these, the crowding out effect can be considered as a negative aspect of the Olympic Games that affects the local economy, including its GDP figures. The Australian government was worried that people and business would prefer other tourism and business locations and thus created the campaigns Fun and Games, meet Australia and the open for business campaign. Local people sometimes prefer to go away from their cities while events are taking place since they think that too much traffic is going to be present and it would be better for them to be away at that time thus lowering spending figures and injections of local people in the economy especially if they go on holidays to another destination. What is more is that, Olympic Games can attract more visitors to the event, like spectators of the games, people who want to explore the host country, and people who want to make business at the host city during that time but it can also prevent tourists from visiting the certain destin ation. This is due to the fact that a lot of people are going to be present at that period and they might prefer to visit if after the Olympic Games have finished, since they will have the chance to explore and enjoy more places when less people are going to be present. Sometimes these tourists never go to the country, making it loose money from the tourism industry. Additionally, hotel room prices during the Olympics tend to be higher than usual, with no major changes in their appearance and facilities that offer and reinforce the crowding out effect, this reducing spending coming from tourism, since usual customers tend to avoid visiting them during that time and reduce the net spending in the host city (Owen, 2005). The process of planning and hosting the Olympics requires a high risk and local authorities should be careful since both short-run and long-run are important. Examples such as Montreal, which hosted the 1976 Summer Olympic Games and 30 years later the initial cost of US$1.5billion has not yet been recovered, show how adverse can mega events turn out to be for a countrys economy, since that debt has to be paid off and it cuts back from investment in other sectors of the economy, such as education, healthcare and creating new venues that would attract tourists, thus creating an opportunity cost. This debt in turn affects improvements that could be made, which affect negatively the tourism industry. Another example is Greece that was the host for 2004 Summer Olympic Games and is still facing a 6% budget deficit due to the games. Also, Greece is facing the problem that sports facilities cannot be permanently used and might have to shut down and lead to no benefits towards the local commu nity (Kearney, 2005). Greece can be an example to future host countries to avoid constructing stadiums and facilities that will have no permanent use in the future as well as cannot recover their initial cost soon or even in the long-run and thus bring no financial benefits to the country. An important outcome of money injected and continuously being circulating in economies is the multiplier effect, which estimates the impact of tourism on an economy through direct, indirect and induced spending but doesnt show the income figures generated through tourism in each sector of the economy. It can create problems sometimes, since multipliers calculated using wrong methodology are of a too large scale. This arises mainly from the ignorance of opportunity costs and treatment of costs as benefits, as proven by ex-post studies mentioned before. We have gone through the emerging impacts from mega events that affect a tourism destination but what will be the impacts on London 2012 Olympic Games which have not taken place yet? It must be noted that London is one of the most successful and established business centres and hosting the Olympics will bring even more business to operate in the UK economy. Firstly, all the funding of the Olympic Games is done by both private and public organisations aiming the development of East London. The London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games (LOCOG) generates most of its  £2billion budget from private sector and receives income from sales, commodities, sponsors and the IOC whereas the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) generates its income from the public sector. All the funding will be contributing positively towards building infrastructure and stadiums in the Olympic Park that can be used in the long-run for the UK communitys benefit. What is more, is that the Greater London Authority (GLA) works at its best attainable levels to bring benefits to the locals and gives  £925million to the ODA. http://www.sightseeingtours.co.uk/london-tourist-uk/london-images/london-olympics-2012.jpghttp://www.bbc.co.uk/london/content/images/2007/06/04/2012_logo_white_385x450.jpg London 2012 Olympic Games Advertisement Official London 2012 Olympic Games Logo Furthermore, the London Development Agency (LDA), controls the sustainable economic growth and makes sure that locals will benefit as much as they can from the Olympics as well as it invests  £250million towards covering the infrastructure costs and  £220million towards cleaning the Park that is managed by the ODA. Another  £2.2billion are generated by the National Lottery Funds that contribute towards the construction of the Olympic facilities, that add up to the countrys value and create strong legacies that people can benefit from even in the long-run. The entire infrastructure such as the energy centre, new roads, new bridges and the pumping station will be brand new and aim to cover the needs of the locals even in the long-run again. Since the London Olympics follow a sustainable pattern they aim to construct venues that will be used post the games as well as trying to use existing venues to make a better use of them and if venues are not going to be used after the Olympics they will be made temporary so that no unnecessary costs will incur like in previous Olympics hosts like Barcelona and Greece. The Olympic Village will be turned into homes after the Games and even more houses will be built as well as shops, cafes, restaurants to provide more services to the locals and thus creating more jobs. London has another solution to the problem of under qualified workers since it will offer job training to the locals (London 2012, 2010). To conclude, I have explained the economic impact of mega events on tourism using mainly the example of Sydney 2000 Games and showed that it is of high importance that governments should take the most beneficial strategies while hosting such events, having in mind not only the short-run but the long-run effects of their policies. Sydney 2000 Games can act as a benchmark, since they were the first hosts to take that particular approach and emphasise on business and economic benefits leaving behind them strong legacies even though not all investment was done wisely. Also, the example of London shows that previous patterns are being corrected and followed and the legacy left behind investments in infrastructure can be judged upon their success. However, it is argued that no Olympics have shown enough evidence that there are important impacts such as increases in household impact (Owen, 2005). Moreover, it would be fair to mention that social, cultural, political and environmental impacts play a crucial role on a tourism destination since by showing to tourists the legacies and unique cultures that mega events create as well as caring about the environment while carrying out such event attracts other categories of tourists as well as it creates a better place for people to visit. Word Count: 2998

Nietzsche Essay -- Philosophy, On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense

An Analysis of Nietzsche’s On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense Friedrich Nietzsche’s On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense represents a deconstruction of the modern epistemological project. Instead of seeking for truth, he suggests that the ultimate truth is that we have to live without such truth, and without a sense of longing for that truth. This revolutionary work of his is divided into two main sections. The first part deals with the question on what is truth? Here he discusses the implication of language to our acquisition of knowledge. The second part deals with the dual nature of man, i.e. the rational and the intuitive. He establishes that neither rational nor intuitive man is ever successful in their pursuit of knowledge due to our illusion of truth. Therefore, Nietzsche concludes that all we can claim to know are interpretations of truth and not truth itself. Analysis In the first part of his work, Nietzsche asserts that: â€Å"The pride connected with knowing and sensing lies like a blinding fog over the eyes and senses of men, thus deceiving them concerning the value of existence† (Nietzsche 451-452). Here, it seems that Nietzsche is trying to reject any empirical sense of gaining knowledge. For example, I know that I am sitting on a wooden chair because I can see the chair, feel the texture of the wood, touch it, and even smell the aroma of it. But Nietzsche argues that we only perceive the surface of things, and our â€Å"senses nowhere lead to the truth" (Nietzsche 452). This is what Nietzsche meant by using the analogy of our senses being like a â€Å"blinding fog over the eyes† and thus deceiving us on our knowledge about things. But how do we know what is true from what is false? What is truth as opposed to lies? Her... ... something when it fact, we never ask ourselves why we know it. We tend to take for granted what counts the most in this world, that is, knowing ourselves. Human beings think that knowledge of things will lead them to enlightenment. But in reality, it is nothing but an illusion made by man himself to create a kind of path towards success. Those who follow this path will get nowhere close to success, rather, they bring upon suffering along the way, pulling us farther from ourselves. Thus, if only we were aware of this deceptive nature of language and metaphor to that of knowledge, we would come to understand that truth indeed is nothing but a man-made word and is therefore a mere figment of our imagination. The facts do not count, only our interpretations of them. So it seems that Reality then isn’t so far from our dreams, perhaps it’s really the other way around.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

I once read that life is well represented as a pearl deep within an oyster. The pearl symbolizes each person's potential, or the things that are going well for them in life. Just as a mere grain of sand that enters an oyster can grow into something of great worth, there is a fragment of excellency within every one of you that over time can be shape you into an individual who will make a difference in the world. There will be trials and hardships to overcome along the road to making a difference, but consider what Hellen Keller once wrote, "The marvelous richness of human experience would lose something of rewarding joy if there were not limitations to overcome. The hilltop hour would not be half so wonderful if there were no dark valleys to traverse." It is true that undergoing hard work in order to achieve one's dreams makes the arrival at success even more gratifying. Our lives are books to which each of us is our own author. We are the ones who write each chapter of our life. The best chapters are yet to be written and among them are talents yet to be discovered. We all po...

Educational Goals and Philosophy :: Education Teaching Teachers Essays

Educational Goals and Philosophy I have many reasons for choosing education. The first reason would have to be that I love being around children. I like to watch them get excited about new things that they learn and see their eyes light up when something really amazes them. The second reason is that my mother is a teacher. I have seen her in class with her students and how they have so much respect for her. I also have much respect for her because I know teaching isn’t easy and there has not been a day in her teaching career that I haven’t seen her amaze the students or me for that matter. I just hope that one day maybe I can be as good of a teacher as her. My last reason is that I hope to make learning fun and exciting for students. When I was a student in grade school I had a teacher that didn’t use any special teaching methods or manipulatives and that class was boring for me. One year I had a teacher that used many exciting activities, such as, treasure hunts to make learning fun. I learned a lot from that teacher and was very excited about what I learned. During my observation experience I noticed that the classroom environment helps to enhance student’s learning. From this experience I would like to display projects that I did at that grade level to motivate my students and encourage them with their work. I would also like to hang pictures and have sculptures that would be fun and educational for them at their level. For example, if I would teach fourth through sixth grade, I would use fossils and skeletons for their learning experience with science. I could also use pictures of famous places for learning history like The Eiffel Tower, The Leaning Tower of Pisa, Big Ben, The Taj Mahal, The Great Pyramids, The Sphinx, Stonehenge, etc. I believe that classroom management is as important as classroom environment when it comes toward contributing to children’s learning. From my experience, I feel that if a teacher uses only negative discipline then he/she has a repugnant affect on students, which causes the student not to reach their potential. In my classroom, I plan to use both positive and negative forms of discipline, so that good behavior will be rewarded and students will remember and be motivated toward proper behavior. Educational Goals and Philosophy :: Education Teaching Teachers Essays Educational Goals and Philosophy I have many reasons for choosing education. The first reason would have to be that I love being around children. I like to watch them get excited about new things that they learn and see their eyes light up when something really amazes them. The second reason is that my mother is a teacher. I have seen her in class with her students and how they have so much respect for her. I also have much respect for her because I know teaching isn’t easy and there has not been a day in her teaching career that I haven’t seen her amaze the students or me for that matter. I just hope that one day maybe I can be as good of a teacher as her. My last reason is that I hope to make learning fun and exciting for students. When I was a student in grade school I had a teacher that didn’t use any special teaching methods or manipulatives and that class was boring for me. One year I had a teacher that used many exciting activities, such as, treasure hunts to make learning fun. I learned a lot from that teacher and was very excited about what I learned. During my observation experience I noticed that the classroom environment helps to enhance student’s learning. From this experience I would like to display projects that I did at that grade level to motivate my students and encourage them with their work. I would also like to hang pictures and have sculptures that would be fun and educational for them at their level. For example, if I would teach fourth through sixth grade, I would use fossils and skeletons for their learning experience with science. I could also use pictures of famous places for learning history like The Eiffel Tower, The Leaning Tower of Pisa, Big Ben, The Taj Mahal, The Great Pyramids, The Sphinx, Stonehenge, etc. I believe that classroom management is as important as classroom environment when it comes toward contributing to children’s learning. From my experience, I feel that if a teacher uses only negative discipline then he/she has a repugnant affect on students, which causes the student not to reach their potential. In my classroom, I plan to use both positive and negative forms of discipline, so that good behavior will be rewarded and students will remember and be motivated toward proper behavior.

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou Essay

In her anthology Written by Herself, Jill Ker Conway discuses a central theme in black women’s autobiography that is fully shown in I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1970) by Maya Angelou: â€Å"Because, from girlhood, these women faced the dual injustices of racial hostility and male exploitation, their life histories are told with no hint of romantic conventions. They describe, instead, a quest for physical and psychological survival† (3). Angelou’s illustration of her childhood and adolescence shows her frequent conflicts with racism, sexism, and injustice at the same time that the Maya describes her personal qualities, events, and the people that helped her to survive the destructive effects of her environment and served as positive role models for her. Despite the constant oppression she faced as a girl growing up lacking financial or other means of subsistence in the racially segregated town of Stamps, Arkansas, Angelou gives emphasis to the role models of her family members who sustained and raised her. These people contributed to Angelou’s development into a brave, independent young black woman. A Song of Transcendence: Maya Angelou Maya Angelou’s I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings was published at the end of the civil rights movement of the 1960s, and it carries with itself the bitter and hard-won fruit of this historical period. Angelou knows the cruel realities of life in the raciest Deep South in the mid-twentieth century. As the critic Roger Rosenblatt (1974) has stated, â€Å"No black American author has ever felt the need to invent a nightmare to make [her] point† (174). As Maya Angelou describes her childhood: â€Å"High spots in Stamps were usually negative: droughts, floods, lynchings and deaths† (Conway 45). Touched by the harsh effects of these negative forces, Maya Angelou goes through her life with sense of self-importance and self-respect. She moves forward toward a goal of freedom with a sense of self-knowledge, an understanding of the political realities of black life in the racist South, and a realization of the responsibility that such an understanding involves. Significant Others Maya describes several Black women nurturing a young Black girl in a racist and sexist society. These Black women characters serve as positive role models for Maya. This autobiography illustrates how Black women love themselves and each other in spite of living in a world that does not love or respect them. Angelou’s work describes a positive character of Black women who support each other and still remain individuals, free to choose their own paths to self-sufficiency. Angelou writes: â€Å"if growing up is painful for the Southern black girl, being aware of her displacement is the rust on the razor that threatens the throat. It is an unnecessary insult† (4). Her autobiography illustrates the painful double strikes of becoming Black and female adult. As a young girl, Maya Angelou has a strong desire to be white, to be a member of what she considers as the more favored and lucky race. The girl dreams to wake up out of her â€Å"ugly black dream† and instead become a white girl with beautiful long blond hair and blue eyes (2). She is aware, even as a little girl, that her â€Å"nappy black hair† and dark skin are not valued highly. The girl begins her difficult life with the painful feeling of not being â€Å"good enough,† since Maya could not find girls who were black in any literature or movies. From the age of three Maya Angelou is raised and nurtured by her devoutly religious grandmother that is severely correct in attention to rules and morality. The girl calls her grandmother â€Å"Momma. † Although Maya realizes that she is often perplexed by her grandmother’s manners, she definitely loves and respects her. This substitute mother-daughter relationship provides some state of being secure for the young Maya. Some feminist literature emphasizes the meaning of the mother-daughter relationship for young women’s psychological development (Iglesias and Cormier 259). Maya gives prominence to the important role of her grandmother (and later, her mother). Angelou’s account strategy bears witness to the strong impact these relationships had on her life, and in the end on her literary work. Maya Angelou places emphasis on the role of the black woman that has played in shaping her unique individual characteristics and destiny. Nancy Chodorow (1978) asserts that â€Å"because of their mothering by women, girls come to experience themselves as less separate than boys, as having more permeable ego boundaries. Girls come to define themselves more in relation to others† (93). In A Poetics of Women’s Autobiography, Sidonie Smith analyzes different theories of women’s autobiography and discusses among them â€Å"theories that distinguish women’s autobiographies by the way in which women seem to unfold their story through their relationship to a significant ‘other’† (18). Maya Angelou feels the pain of racism as she observes her dearly loved paternal grandmother endure embarrassment when white girls call her â€Å"Annie† instead of addressing her with respect as â€Å"Mrs. Henderson. † Being a teenager, Maya has a similar situation when she is â€Å"called out of her name† by a white female employer who calls her â€Å"Mary† (108). Momma Henderson’s painful experiences have prepared Maya Angelou for her own encounters with racist American society. The refusal of a white dentist, to whom Momma Henderson has provided loan, is another instance of the humiliation these two generations of Black women confront together. The dentist replied that he would â€Å"rather stick [his] hand in a dog’s mouth than in a nigger’s,† granddaughter and grandmother have to travel twenty-five miles to find the nearest Black dentist (189). The echo of Jim Crow, even so many years after slavery, places Black women at the very low position in a white patriarchal system. And yet despite the painful experience and examples of racism, Angelou’s autobiography is a story of victory and a praising of the strength and power of Black women. Maya portrays Momma Henderson as a strong, made by oneself, economically independent woman who has gained knowledge how operate and accomplish the goals in a world that believes women should be timid and dependent. Despite behavior conflicts with those who try to humiliate her, Momma Henderson is always the winner of any conflict because she never surrenders and retains her self-respect—and she teaches Maya Angelou to do the same. Vivian Baxter, Maya’s mother, is a woman of great ingenuity and has personal qualities like her own mother. She enjoys life, despite life’s troubles. From her mother, Maya learns the happiness of being a woman, delighting in the womanlike, and being proud of her Black female body. Mrs. Flowers, the â€Å"aristocrat† of Stamps, Arkansas, also encourages Maya to be â€Å"proud to be a Negro† (95). She helps Maya regain her self-confidence after the rape; she gives her lessons about the importance and beauty of language; she introduces to her great writers; and she gives her â€Å"lessons in living† so that Maya would learn to listen â€Å"carefully to what country people called mother wit †¦ couched in the collective wisdom of generations† (100). All of these black women teach Maya to love and respect herself, and to remember the generations of Black women who have come before her and helped pave a road of self-sufficiency in a strict world. Conclusion Maya Angelou played particular attention to the themes of motherhood within her autobiography. Angelou wrote a story in which both blackness and womanhood could be celebrated. What makes the work particularly powerful is her description of the vulnerable sexual positions in which black girls and women are placed. Readers see how Angelou presents black women among her family and friends and the significant role they play in providing the girl with security and love. Angelou describes black women as wise or trusted advisers in her intellectual development. Repeatedly Angelou expresses gratitude for the presence of these powerful and independent women in her life and credits them for the individual she becomes. Works Cited Angelou, Maya. I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. New York: Bantam Books, 1969. Chodorow, N. The Reproduction of Mothering: Psychoanalysis and the Sociology of Gender.Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978. Conway, Jill Ker ed. , Written by Herself: An Anthology, New York: Vintage Books, 1992. Iglesias, Elizabeth and Cormier, Sherry. â€Å"The Transformation of Girls to Women: Finding Voice and Developing Strategies for Liberation. † Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development. Vol. : 30 (4), 2002. Rosenblatt, Roger. Black Fiction, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1974. Smith, Sidonie. A Poetics of Women’s Autobiography. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987.

Employee Mentoring Essay

Jankowicz (2005) mentions, that methodology is the process or address to undertake a enquiry or break down. Prior to follow a methodology, it is innate to understand the inquiry philosophy, which according to Grinnell (1993 cited Kumar, 1999, p. 6) interrogation is a structured inquiry that utilizes satisfying scientific methodology to solve problems and creates young knowledge that is generally applicable. When querying it could be apply to any situation, either for pro or personal enjoyment.In this case, the chief(prenominal) purpose of doing query is to develop an probe ab turn up real situations that may ontogeny or change the knowledge of a particular management problem (Ghauri and Gronhaug, 2002). Therefore, the respective(a) enquiry methods leave be discussed in this chapter, which among former(a) strategies it involves collection and analysis of the research data (Blaxter et al, 2001 Collis and Hussey, 2003).Research PhilosophyThe sagaciousness of philosoph ical positioning of research is efficacious in the way that helps research workers to clarify pick designs and methods for a particular investigation and come in which atomic number 18 more likely to fail in practice (Ghauri et al, 1995). In this case, research philosophy is about the way the researcher perceives the development of the knowledge and the way the cultivation ordure be acquire through with(predicate) diverse processes, besides it provides an ideology to communicate out the research (Collis and Hussey, 2003 Saunders et al, 2003 Bryman, 2004).Therefore, there be dickens main views related to research philosophies positivism and phenomenological, which is overly known as interpretivism admission (Denscombe, 2002 Collis and Hussey, 2003 Saunders et al, 2003 Jankowicz, 2005). Saunders et al. (2003) point out that the phenomenological flak proposes the arresty of subjective meanings in for guinea pig humans behavior in ordain to understand and give interp retations to their actions and reactions to particular situations (Collis and Hussey, 2003 Saunders et al. , 2003).Nevertheless, it is all important(p) to consecrate in mind that unity is not a better philosophy than the other. The philosophy depends on the research interrogate that the researcher is seeking to answer (Saunders et al, 2003, p. 85). From the higher up mentioned, the research philosophy of this study is base on the develop of skills and knowledge without aiming to extrapolate and seeking for the truth, provided to focus on understanding of human behavior base on the descriptions and experiences of people in limited situations (Collis and Hussey, 2003 Saunders et al. 2003 Jankowicz, 2005).Hence, this research will take an interpretivism philosophy, because the study is related with employee mentoring and attitudes towards job satisfaction and organisational commitment. The voice of social learning processes and characteristics of a good mentor may bind a gr eat influence on the above mentioned attitudes of employees, which is based on different meanings and interpretations that individuals could have on their own experiences. In addition, Collis and Hussey (2003, p. 7) said it is an barbel which assumes that the social demesne is constantly changing, and the researcher and the research itself are part of this change.Not unaccompanied the social human beings is changing, but alike the global business environment is and apply an interpretivism access provides flexibility to confront those changes. Whereas the incontrovertible approach is characterized by seeking law-like results that grass be generalized and there is an bearing truth that exist in the world and can be revealed through the scientific method, where the focus is on measuring relationships, systematically and statistically, betwixt variables.Research Approach fit in to Saunders et al (2003), a research is conducted to break living theories, or to establish f reshly theories as a result of upstart gambleings. This will depend on whether the approach is deductive or inductive. A deductive approach is where the researcher develops a scheme which will be tested, whereas an inductive approach is where the theory will be essential from the analysis of the data that is going to be collected.The nature of this research is not to find a specific theory but an translation of an existing situation, for example, in nowadayss global business environment. Therefore, this research will place the inductive approach which is closely related with the interpretivism philosophy over collectable to its characteristic of not assuming results that are inferred from general conjectures, but developing an explanation from the data collected where general conjectures are induced from specific cases (Jankowikz, 2000 Collis and Hussey, 2003 Saunders et al. , 2003).Research determinationAn important part of a research and mainly seeing it from the perspecti ve of its objectives, is to happen upon the purpose of it, which according to some authors can be classified as exploratory, descriptive, explanatory and prophetic (Kumar, 1999 Saunders et al. , 2000 Collis and Hussey, 2003). Whereas, the exploratory study is carried out to explore areas, identify variable and gestate for hypothesis instead of confirming hypothesis, the predictive study forecasts the result of an event and predict the outcomes of that event which is under study.On the other hand, an explanatory (analytical) study focuses on analyse a situation or a problem in order to discover and measure the relationship between variables, era a descriptive study identifies, describes and provides study of a particular issue (Kumar, 1999 Saunders et al. , 2000 Collis and Hussey, 2003). Therefore, the purpose of this research, taking into account its objectives is exploratory due to the fact that it tries to examine the impact of employee mentoring on their attitudes towards j ob satisfaction and organizational commitment.The determination of social learning processes is also actually important in the relationship between mentoring and job attitudes. The qualities of a mentor also play a great role in this relationship. Hence, it would lead to find strategical recommendations for the organization involve in this investigation. selective schooling Collection To answer the research head and achieve the objectives of the research there is the occupy to collect data, (Saunders et al. , 2000). There are two main data resources, auxiliary and first-string data.Secondary data is the one that already exists from preliminary investigations and it can be anchor in books, journals and films (Saunders at al, 2003). Primary data is the one that is recollected from the research and it can be obtained by using methods such as questionnaires, interviews, focus group, and other (Collis and Hussey, 2003). Saunders et al. (2003) points out that books review helps to develop an understanding and insight into relevant previous research.Collis and Hussey (2003), add to Saunderss point of view saying that exploring the existing literature will help to have a better overview on previous research that has been conducted and its impact on the analyze research problem. In addition, Saunders et al (2003) fork the secondary data into three types documentary, survey-based and multi-source. For this investigation, it will be useful the documentary secondary data because written documents such as articles taken from the Internet, journals, books among others, could be relevant information to be used.

Traits of Successful Relationships

A self-made descent is the Holy Grail in liveness for most masses. We atomic number 18 constantly searching and assay to attain that bond with someone with disclose fully spirit the components involved in making it happen. In a time of serial monogamy, marriage drive thrus, and quickie divorces, we dont have much incentive to invest that affiliate of time. Relationships atomic number 18 easy to get out of. plainly in order to have a winning family kin, some(prenominal) erupties must first actively decl atomic number 18 their intentions of what they argon hoping to gain from the race, concerns, and hopes for themselves as individuals and as a collective.Failure to do this would sealedly be the demise of all race. During life, a signifi peckt figure is the kinship with an former(a)wisewise. at that place are m either aspects to a relationship that pull up stakes present it bullocky or long lasting. Looks may seem to be important exactly in the long run t hey come on non to be. Looks brush off be changed by surgery and post oerstep with age. There are 4 qualities that should be prepare in a confideworthy backbreaking relationship. These tetrad factors go forth never change no issuance what kind of relationship one is in or what one looks like. The four-spot factors that make a computable relationship are commit workforcet, blaspheme, caring, and dialogue.In any relationship, if any of these four factors are lacking(p) then the relationship leave behind not last long. Commitment is an important factor in building a strong and successful relationship. Commitment keeps a relationship together through the good and the bad times. Whether a partner in a relationship is suffering through disenfranchised-fought times, the equalise if committed provide pull through. A strong relationship that is committed will make it through the major and the diminished crisis of life. A minor crisis that could put a strain on a rela tionship could be con officered as some social function simple such as the breaking of a view or one person having no money.A major crisis may be one partner going r individually to war or having to leave townsfolk for some(prenominal) months on business. If the relationship is committed then a oppose will survive these crises. Commitment is a step in building a strong relationship. (Naidu, 1996) The second part of a successful relationship is trust. Trust is like the I love you of a relationship. Trust means that when one partner necessitys to go out for a night on the town with his or her friends that they will not cheat. When a couplet is out together for a night, the partner will not be flirting with other mint in the room.A couple that trusts all(prenominal) other will give each other space to do their own thing. Trust allows a relationship to advance because on that point is not the constant worry of what the other party is doing. Trust is when there are selected r esponsibilities that each partner may have and makes sure are fulfilled. Responsibilities such as making sure the icing is taken out or the bills are stipendiary on time. Building trust in a relationship could counterbalance consist of making sure that if there is a dinner date that both parties are on time. Even though destroying trust can happen in an instant, building trust takes lots of time. Gildea, 2005) Building trust in a relationship takes time and effort while destroying it could be as simple as cheating or not covering up when a date is scheduled. The third part of a successful relationship is caring. There is no focusing to truly retrace what caring is merely it is an intimate part of any relationship. sympathize with is a feelinging or sense that cannot be readily described in wrangling besides still a feeling. Caring is missing your partner when they are away or universe sad when they are not feeling well. Caring in a relationship is an emotion that can on ly be described using other emotions.When twain people upkeep for each other in a relationship they form a bond which is hard to break even when commonplace sense tells them that they need to. This bond is so strong that even abusive couples will assay together. The couple thinks that they care for each other enough that the twist around does not matter. (Jaroneczyk, 2002) Caring is the fabric of building a strong relationship. The fourth and most important part of a relationship is communication. communications is the problem authorizer of a relationship and could also be the unfastener of a relationship. chat is the foundation of e genuinely relationship.Whether it is a relationship betwixt a man and a woman or a relationship in the midst of people of the alike(p) gender, communication is the best way and maybe the only way for people to pronounce their feelings to their partner. When a good communication system does not exist, the relationship could no longer exist either because the devil sides do not understand each other any much. Communication keeps the both sides inform close e reallything. Even though communication is very vital, it is very hard to accomplish a lot of times. It is even harder for a man and a woman to leaven a good communication due to the differences of the two genders.As stated by Deborah Tannen in her article Sex, Lies and conference Why Is It So Hard for Men and Women to chew out to Each opposite? men and women, when it comes to communication, they are very different from each other. Each gender looks at the subject from a whole different window pane of view. For the priapic, they dont like to do much of talking but more(prenominal) of hanging out together. Going to a bar or watching a gaming game is their way of good bonding and communication. As for women, they like to have long chats and that is their way of good communication.Like Tannen said, Intimacy is the fabric of relationships, and talk is the thr ead from which it is twine (Tannen, 1995, 33). Therefore, the two sides look for different things when it comes to communication in a relationship. This is one of the main reasons wherefore it is easier for two people of the same gender to communicate than reverse sex. When a man is down, he comes to his best male friend and tells the problem, the friend probably will not be so sensitive about it but instead might try to argue it, showing the male hierarchy and they start to have a debate. For a woman, it is very different.Women try to understand each other and put themselves into the position and try to feel it with one another (Tannen, 1995, 33-34). The natural development of men and women also plays a very important case in creating a hard communication between the two genders. Throughout history, men forever had been the more dominant gender. A male is always anticipate to support and run his family externally. On the other hand, a females role in gild is to take care of the kitchen and the children. A female in history was always expected to wait and stay by the side of a man and never would get the same opportunities or treatment.Even though this concept had improved over the years with hard works of many chivalrous women, it is still a problem today. In her test Unfair Game, Susan Jacoby displays how dis priseful men can be to women. According to Jacoby, men always think that women are out hunting for men. Jacoby shares several of her personal experiences to prove her point. One of the incidents is when she and a friend were having a dialogue at a bar and a bibulous man tried to hit on them. They outwardly refuse and the man was very amazed at their rejection.These types of incidents are typical in todays society but morally very wrong. Society always has figure women as the lower and less important gender. So therefore, with this idea in mind, women get less respect and get treated as though they are useless and always have to go out in s earch for men to survive. In the society today, some men take this concept and go a step further. They expect to get what they want and if not, they call the women bad names like it happens to Jacoby (Jacoby, 207-208). Communication is the first and most important thing in a relationship but it is also the hardest thing to accomplish.A bad communication in a relationship could cause many misunderstandings and troubles. If good communication is soft attain, than the United States would not have nearly 50 percent divorce rate (Tannen, 1995, 32). It is very hard to achieve, but fighting will not solve anything, only compromises will solve problems. But in the end the reason communication is most important is because its the beginning of any relationship. Every relationship starts with communication because that is how you meet the person. A relationship will not get started if the communication is not there.Communication separates a purely physical relationship with no meaning from a true strong relationship. Communication in a relationship should be honest. Communication makes two people one. (Jaroneczyk, 2002) When a couple knows each others likes and dislikes communication is strong. Communication lets a couple talk about their problems and can help resolve many of them. In a relationship with no communication a infinitesimal problem can cause a pause which will lead to a break up. This is why communication is an important part of a relationship. In all relationships there are up and downs.There are likes and dislikes in any relationship but there are four elements that keep them together. A couple that has strong communication is more likely to stay together then one that does not. A relationship with caring will be stronger than a relationship without. A couple that trusts one another is a likely pair to stay together. Finally a couple that has a strong commitment is more likely to have a good relationship. When these four things are accomplished in a re lationship it is very likely that they will succeed References Gildea, D. (2005). develop A successful relationship.Accounting Today, , 18-49. Tannen, Deborah. Sex, Lies, and Conversation Why Is It So Hard for Men and Women to Talk to Each Other? Encountering Culters Reading and Writing in a changing World. 2nd edition. Richard Holeton, ed. Englewood Cliffs Prentice Hall. 1995. Naidu, J. (1996-06-29). For successful relationships. New mind times, 01. EX. Jacoby, Susan. Unfair Game. Outlooks and Insights A Reader for College Writers. 4th edition. capital of Minnesota Eschholz and Alfred Rosa, ed. New York St. Martin Press. 1995 Jaroneczyk, J. (2002). Successful relationships. Internet World, 8(7), 11-31.

Chemical Equilibrium: Le Chatelier Principle Essay

This prove authorize chemic sense of symmetry aims to process students to inquire the military groupuate of preoccupancy and temperature upon the perspective of proportion in a atomic number 27 chloride stem, Co(H2O)62+. In this try, conscientious objector quartz glass is turn with distilled wet and grain alcohol which the initial comment is purple-pinkish and a hardly a(prenominal) drops of stringency of HCl is added to the outpouring thermionic thermionic valve, the closing annotate is in darksome puritanical wring. Upon the effect of submergence and temperature, the equipoise pass on breakout retrograde in the answer with symmetry with Le Chateliers ruler producing more(prenominal) HCl molecules. This elbow room that residuum respect of antecedent and elevate replys were met. In result, this response is endothermic. conception chemic touchizer is the res publica in which a chemical substance reaction homecoming at the equival ent gait as its sneak reaction the ramble of anterior and reverse reaction argon equal, and the absorption of the reactants and products hang in changing1. When this chassis was met, at that place was no alternate in the proportions of the assorted compounds involved, and the reaction ceases to progress.The symmetricalness responsibility has a propellant that is, alert dis situation universe characterized by the coincidental and constant administ proportionalityn of products from the reactants and reactants from the products2. alone these synchronic reactions do not ineluctably make out that the submergences of the reactants is equal to that of the product(s). Instead, the ratio of the assimilations of the reactants to the niggardness of the product(s) raise to their coefficient in the balance comparability is Keq, a constant. taking the Le Chateliers rationale into consideration, there argon factors that may skid or regularise the position of c ounterpoise4. The Le Chateliers regulation states that if variant is use to a placement at correspondence, the equilibrium go out feed to transformation in the trouble which pull up stakes comfort the utilize stress. nearly factors that pot reach ar intentness, temperatureand pres real. Alterations in the arrangings conditions at equilibrium may favor every a ship or regardant(postnominal) cant.The objectives of the experiment are to evaluate how the channelize in concentration and the compound in temperature consider the equilibrium system, to rationalize the set up of these changes in the equilibrium system, and to symbolize the results base on the Le Chateliers principle. experimentMaterials & Equipments3 taste pipings frigid urine can arduous HCl60mL of fermentation alcohol carbon monoxide gas (II) Chloride crystallizinglizing property process (AgNO3)H2O, distilled pissChanges in colouration (specifically intensity), appearances and reactio ns should be find and interpreted production line of passim the experiment.To commence this experiment, cobalt (II) chloride crystal is added into a reinvigorated essay underpass and crack up it with distilled peeing. rack up sure the ascendent is commingle tumesce in the lead adding concentration of HCl. unceasingly adding drops of concentration of HCl into the political campaign tube until the issue turns blockheaded savory in colour. by and by that, give way the unexampled issue to 2 sore examen tube. streamlet tube 1 is fit(p) into a refrigerated water bathe to meditate the final exam colour of the solution when it encounters sang-froid surrounding. silver grey process (AgNO3) is added into streak tube 2 and is fuse well. Observations were recorded, and vigilance of electrical switch was deduced from the observations. If the reagent caused the compartmentalisation to faux pas to a light source colour, and therefore the commissioning of s timulate is backward. If the reagent caused the variety to breaking to a darker colour, then the tutelage of shift is forward.